Analyzing Thailands Tourism Industry

Dissecting Thailands Tourism Industry Conceptual In the current setting of an undeniably globalized world, and the idea of the travel industry, it is advantageous to note if Porters Diamond structure despite everything gives answers to the changing seriousness of Thailands the travel industry and distinguishes achievement factors and factors adverse to its intensity. A reconsidered adaptation of the Diamond system has been proposed for the given setting of the travel industry and Thailand state. This paper attempts to examine Thailands Tourism industry utilizing this reconsidered type of Porters Diamond Framework, distinguishing the different wellsprings of seriousness or the absence of it thereof. It endeavors to recognize key zones for development dependent on the above examination and recommends answers for the equivalent. Catchphrases: Competitiveness, Thailand, Tourism, Diamond Model, Revised system Presentation For any nation the travel industry impacts incomes as well as business and monetary advancement also. For Thailand, this is significantly more so. It is along these lines significant for Thailands the travel industry to be serious in ASEAN area as well as universally. Ensuing to the achievement of Visit Thailand Year in 1987, Thailand, a little nation in the Asia Pacific locale turned into the greatest development story in the area with a development pace of 7 %. In this way its economy (GDP) developed at an astonishing 10.9 %, 13.2 % and 10 % individually in the following three years for example a normal of 11.7 % from 1998 1990, about the best on the planet. Nonetheless, it didn't keep up that development consequently, and its travel industry confronted numerous difficulties. This paper will examine the ongoing advancements in the travel industry to help comprehend the purposes behind the equivalent in todays setting. Today when not just people, items, firms go up against one another however businesses and countries themselves endeavor to exceed the opposition, it gets basic to comprehend the stuff to beat the culmination and remain serious for example to secures a decent comprehension of the deciding components of serious development. This paper proposes to do such an examination for the travel industry of Thailand. It likewise, contends a case for overhauling the Porters Diamond Model structure for the given setting. Watchmen Diamond Model Framework Other than customary asset focal points like land, area, work, characteristic assets and size of populace Porter (1990) contended that gathering or groups of interconnected firms and partners like foundations, providers and related ventures give upper hand which are not acquired and which can be procured. To improve comprehension of the determinants for such achievement of upper hand, Porter (1990, 1998) gave the popular precious stone system (Fig. 1). This structure helped in the investigation of enterprises as well as countries. The four vertices of the precious stone demonstrated four gatherings of determinants. These were: factor conditions (likewise called input conditions), request conditions, related and supporting businesses; and firm methodology, structure and competition. These were the fundamental determinants. There were anyway two outer or extra factors possibility; and government. Every one of these variables were not disconnected yet interconnected. In this way, request and factors conditions were associated. So were the variables: related and supporting enterprises; and firm technique, structure and contention. The national variables of creation like normal assets, framework and gifted work are the key factor conditions. The idea of residential interest for item and administrations mostly characterize the interest conditions. The nearness (or nonappearance) of providers, related businesses which are themselves serious (globally) structure the related and supporting ventures vertex. The residential contention between the organizations and the conditions that administer their arrangement, association and the board structure the last vertex of the jewel in the system. The system is valuable in recognizing the wellsprings of upper hand as well as distinguishes key issue territories to be tended to. Oz (2006) delineated this while recognizing the wellsprings of upper hand of Turkish development organizations in worldwide markets. The achievement factors like unique residential market, factors great for business enterprise, and serious local contention pressures impacts were carried to fore alongside the difficulty causing territories like government incited preventions, challenges in financing and powerless counseling and configuration designing abilities situating of Turkey in the universal field. Notwithstanding, there are confinements to this structure and numerous scientists have joined this with other type of investigation like Rugman and Verbeke (1993) utilized SWOT for examination, refering to imperfections like trouble in making it operational for example of placing it by and by. It is significant that this structure is been relevant to admi nistrations as given by Lee and Spisto (2007). The case for the Endogenous Role of Government and Chance Aside from the restriction ascribed to the jewel system over, another defect in it is that it does exclude government as one of the fundamental factors yet just considers it as an outside factor notwithstanding the way that it enormously influences the various essential elements. To make up for this Wickham (2005) re-conceptualized the system for the Australian setting. It had government as a necessary fundamental factor at the focal point of the structure, portrayed as government encompassed by the various factors as vertices of a hexagon with the possibility factor in fragmented (specked) lines giving it a different way of life as an outer factor alone. He likewise recommended that the job of chance be considered in with new consideration when applied to a provincial financial model like that of the Porters Diamond. Fig. 1: Determinants of Competitive Advantage: Porters Diamond Model Framework Factor Conditions Possibility Firm Strategy, Structure Rivalry Related Supporting Industries Government Request Conditions The significance of government strategy activities to advance and build up the business can be seen for the travel industry setting in Prideaux (1996), who on looking at development patterns of Taiwanese inbound the travel industry to Australia, read the variables liable for this and recorded them as better air network, advancements and association of Taiwans travel industry. Proposal was additionally made that recurrent appearances would be incredibly valuable and to accomplish better the travel industry possibilities with Taiwan steps like fashioning joins with administrators in Taiwan, expanding recurrence and availability of carriers, social instruction including language preparing, and customization of items to suit Taiwanese tastes ought to be embraced. The significance of the investigation lies in the way that it gives a model to Thailand to duplicate with neighboring ASEAN countries. It gives contributions concerning what it ought to do to focus on a rewarding, singular count ry like China. Obviously government approaches and exchange concurrences with territorial countries assume an incredible job in deciding the general intensity of Thailand as a traveler goal. The job of government and chance here, for the Thailand the travel industry assumes a significant job given the ongoing history of Thailand it was the focal point of the Asian budgetary emergency of 1997; it confronted the Indian Ocean seismic tremor followed by Tsunami on 26th December 2004; it managed worldwide downturn post September 11, 2001 assaults, the monetary downturn of 2008, SARS (and H1N1 Flu marvels) and all the more as of late household political disarray. These appear to have affected the travel industry harshly. This constructs the instance of chance being a basic determinant in the precious stone model prompting the suspicion that it should be viewed as an endogenous factor and not only one having an exogenous job in the entire system. Pine, Chan and Leung (1996) have plot the effect of the Asian monetary downturn and expressed that the financial downturn which influenced antagonistically the travel industry has prompted easing back or stopping of numerous tasks in the neighborliness field. It noticed that intra-territorial the travel industry had become because of the locales solid financial development. They further anticipate that the travel industry should be unfavorably influenced (in view of restricted information); intra-local the travel industry was required to decrease however increment from Europe and Americas in the light of the ongoing cash debasements. Zhang (2005) has announced in the wake of investigating industry information that Chinas outbound the travel industry got dispersed because of the Tsunami. The South East Asian and South Asian countries missed out on numerous Chinese vacationers to up to this point new selection of goals. The impression of the locale was one of high hazard and this in th e end prompted misfortune in vacationer numbers and income. The new goals accumulating consideration even observed heightening in costs. Travel protection was progressively looked for because of the wave wonders. Additionally, Ichinosawa (2006) gives features with regards to how Tsunami derided Phuket as a visitor goal. Leiper and Hing (1998) examined random four occasions in 1997-98 in the Asian setting and the effect on the travel industry businesses of the particular countries. The occasions remembered immense timberland fires for Sumatra and Kalimantan, Chinese takeover of Hong Kong, the activating of Asian Economic Crisis with cash breakdown in Thailand and social and monetary agitation in Indonesia; and political and financial emergencies in Cambodia. These they construed brought about decrease in worldwide just as local the travel industry. Along these lines, chance was a central point here. Malhotra and Venkatesh (2009) have investigated that it is so essential to have emergency courses of action for emergencies and give rules to proactively structure an emergency the board plan; even to take care when things go downright terrible. They thought about Hong Kongs technique and Thailands reaction to the Tsunami and the SARS episode. In light of such thoughts they prompt having liquid structures and arrangements concerning the hierarchical plan, in order to eff

Debating the Atomic Bomb in the New York Times Article

Discussing the Atomic Bomb in the New York Times - Article Example This publication makes it a point to make reference to that, in the event that a third universal war is to be maintained a strategic distance from, at that point the open must turn out to be significantly progressively included. The creator of this article, who isn't named, points out that researchers are making weapons that can change the course of history. All things considered, they should have a duty to guarantee these weapons are utilized as a hindrance, as opposed to for motivations behind insidiousness. The creator battles that at no other time in history have researchers held so much force and, thusly, a discussion must happen to decide how, if at any time, such bombs will be utilized once more. This keeps in accordance with the political inclining of the New York Times during this timespan. The paper, while not really being candid pundits of war endeavors embraced by the United States, unquestionably pushed a position more towards the idea of lack of bias. The Atomic Bomb wa s a major advance in the headway of war innovation and articles in the New York Times during 1945 took a reluctant position towards its further turn of events. Maybe, no doubt the publication leading group of the paper unquestionably would not like to seem glad for the way that we had dropped two such enormous bombs on Japan. At long last, this article piece concentrated on the starting to instruct the open progressively about the advances of science. To this point, the creator fights that logical headway went generally unnoticed. Presently that weapons, for example, the nuclear bomb, are being made, the open must have all the more a voice. The undeniable point here is settled on that the choice to utilize such weapons in the long run impacts each resident in the nation, so they have to make their voices heard. This situation of getting the open increasingly engaged with the undertakings of science is the all-encompassing topic of this specific article. Examination The creator of th is publication has two primary concerns. The significant thought focuses on the duty that researchers who are responsible for making such weapons as the nuclear bomb have. This duty involves them understanding the intensity of decimation they hold over the world as these bombs are made. Besides, a second hidden topic of the publication the conflict that researchers need to bring the nuclear bomb discussion to the American individuals. Since residents are straightforwardly affected by these weapons use, all of society has the duty to tell the administration whether they affirm of its inevitable organization in the midst of war. The nuclear bomb was intended to carry a snappy end to any contention. Researchers created it in light of this final product.

Fighting the Voice in Your Head

Fighting the Voice in Your Head Dan Harris: 10% Happier Although I read a lot of books, I tend to avoid recommending specific books for fear of boring others with my obsessions and personal preferences. However,  Ive gone out of my way this year to recommend Dan Harriss book,  10% Happier:  How I Tamed the Voice in My Head, Reduced Stress Without Losing My Edge, and Found Self-Help That Actually Worksâ€"A True Story, on social media and at our own book-tour stops. Ive even gifted a few copies to friends who have been interested in mindfulness  but havent been able to get past the woo woo often associated with meditating. For the uninformed, Dan Harris is a  co-anchor of  Nightline  and the weekend edition of  Good Morning America  on ABC. Covering wars in Afghanistan, Israel, Palestine, and Iraq, he has reported from all over the world and has produced investigative reports in Haiti, Cambodia, and the Congo. Dan also spent many years covering religion in America for ABC World News with Peter Jennings, despite the fact that he doesnt practice a particular faith. Like me, Dan used to  scoff  at meditation, assuming  it was for people who lived in yurts or collected crystals or had too many Cat Stevens records. But then, after suffering an on-air panic attack, he discovered  considerable benefits from meditating. Described as a deeply skeptical odyssey through the strange worlds of spirituality and self-help a way to get happier that is truly achievable,  10% Happier, which  reached  #1 on the New York Times bestseller list, chronicles one mans  chaotic journey toward mindful living. Dan was kind enough to discuss 10% Happier  and the practice of meditation with me for our readers. If you get a moment, please thank  Dan on Twitter for taking the time to share his insight at The Minimalists. Joshuas Conversation with Dan Harris JFM: What youve done with this bookâ€"at least for meâ€"is make meditation accessible to the average person. The message is simple: anyoneâ€"be it a pant-suited  businesswoman, a soccer dad, or Joe Sixpackâ€"can benefit from meditation. Was that the reason you wrote 10% Happier? Dan:  100%! (Sorry. Lame math joke.) Meditation has a huge PR issue. I’d always been under the impression that it was only for freaks, weirdoes, robed gurus, and people who are deeply into aromatherapy and Ultimate Frisbee. What changed my mind was learning that there’s an enormous amount of science suggesting meditation is really good for you, and can do everything from lowering your blood pressure to boosting your immune system to literally rewiring key parts of your brain. I was also reassured to learn that meditating doesn’t require lighting incense, chanting, sitting in a funny position, joining a cult, believing in anything, or wearing special outfits. The problem is, the way meditation has been traditionally presented in this country is too often syrupy and annoyingâ€"and leaves too many of us out of the conversation. I’m hoping to play a small role in changing that. Yes you are, particularly by providing  people a story with  which they can relate. Although your publisher doesnt promote  10% Happier as a memoir, its well-crafted prose and narrative structure is certainly memetic of that genre. Was the storytelling aspect of this bookâ€"compared to the self-help genres standard prescriptive formatâ€"an important aspect for effectively communicating your message? In my day job in television, I’ve learned time and again that the most powerful way to make a point is to illustrate it through the people’s personal stories. (I’ve also read about studies showing that public health messages tend to be more effective when woven into narratives as opposed to delivered in a straight, informational way.) So I decided to take that approach with the book. Mind you, it wasn’t easy. In order to illustrate how meditation changed my internal life, I really had to pull back the curtain and reveal some embarrassing stuff. I struggled mightily with that. In the end, though, I’m glad I did it, because it seems like the book has been useful to some people. The books central thesis is captured in its subtitle: How I Tamed the Voice in My Head, Reduced Stress Without Losing My Edge, and Found Self-Help That Actually Worksâ€"A True Story. Besides taming the inner voice and reducing stress, how else has meditation benefited your life? The big thing that the subtitle leaves out is that meditation can make you a nicer person. It shows up on the brain scans: meditation literally grows the gray matter in the area of the brain associated with compassion. I can feel this happening with me a little bit. Mind you, I am far from perfect. If you were interviewing my wife, she’d be giving you her “he’s 90% still a moron” spiel. Haa! Let’s talk about the title you originally proposed for the book: The Voice in My Head Is an Asshole. This resonated with me because it seems like we’re all walking around with overwhelming amounts of mental clutterâ€"that ADD-riddled inner voice who just won’t shut up. Do you think it’s always been this wayâ€"as humans we’ve always struggled with mental clutter? Has the suffusive nature of technology made our inner voices louder and more Tourettic? I suspect that if you went back in time and interviewed people at various points in history, they’d all tell you that their era was the most stressful ever. And while there are plenty of reasons why today’s world is uniquely anxiogenic, I am loath to argue that it’s worse than, say, during World War II or, for that matter, the Civil War. Having issued that caveat, though, I do think that living in the age of “info-overload” can make us extremely frazzled. In particular, I have become a huge critic of multitaskingâ€"which is really a short way of saying “doing many things poorly.” Neurologically, it is impossible for us to focus on more than one thing at a time. But trying to focus these days, in the age of tweets, texts, and status updates, can be extremely tricky. Meditationâ€"in which you repeatedly try to bring your attention to your breath in the face of your fizzing, looping mindâ€"can really help with this. Lets discuss meditation. Specifically, meditation as an act. I like to say that I dont write how-to books; I write why-to books. And you seem to have done the same thing with 10% Happier. Because you shine a spotlight on the benefits, it is easy to understand why we should meditate. Meditation itself, however, isnt easy. It is simple, but not easy. In the book, this fact becomes excruciatingly apparent during your 10-day silent retreat. So, why do you think meditation is so difficult, especially for beginners? And, once someone knows that they want to meditateâ€"once they understand the benefitsâ€"whats a good way to get started? Meditation is difficult for most of us because we’re fighting a lifetime of habit. We’ve let the voice in our headâ€"our thoughts, urges, and impulsesâ€"run amok. In meditation, you’re attempting to rein that voice in, through the simple yet radical act of just focusing on your breath. But the fact that it’s hard doesn’t need to be a big problem. The whole game is to get lost in thought and start again … and again … and again. And every time you do that, it’s a bicep curl for your brain. Seriously. The results even show up on MRI scans. How to Start Meditating: Dans Tips 1. Instruction. Download free instructions from someone like Sam Harris. You can also pay a few bucks and get the excellent Headspace app. 2. Five minutes. Start with just five minutes a day. Even if you have 23 children and 14 jobs, you definitely have five minutes. Right when you wake up, right before you go to bed, or when you pull your car into the driveway before heading into your home for the night. Set an alarm on your phone and let rip. 3. Give yourself a break. Don’t fall for the misconception that you have to “clear the mind.” The only way you’ll ever be able to stop thinking is if you’re deadâ€"or enlightened. And don’t worry if you’re finding yourself getting lost a lot. The whole game is finding the grit to start over. Final Thoughts Joshua: Thanks for your time, Dan. Any final words of wisdom? Dan: Meditation presents a radical notion: that our happiness doesn’t have to depend on external factors. Happiness, it turns out, is a skillâ€"one that you can train, just like you train your body in the gym. This is the next big public health revolution. Get on board. Additional reading: Dan discusses  mindfulness with Sam Harris.

The Gateway Drug - 1517 Words

Naloxone: The Gateway Drug Classified as an antidote, naloxone gives individuals who overdose on opioids a second chance at life, but without access to proper treatment, these users will continue living in the cycle of addiction until either finding enough strength to pull through the recovery process or falling victim to life’s only certainty prematurely. In response to the ever-growing opioid epidemic in the United States, many elected officials, health-centered agencies and addiction support groups have been advocating for friends and family members to arm themselves with naloxone, an opioid antagonist commonly known as Narcan. Narcan (naloxone) can be given by intramuscular (IM) injection - into the muscle of the arm, thigh or buttocks - or with a nasal spray device (into the nose). If a person has taken opioids and is then given Narcan, the opioids will be knocked out of the opiate receptors in the brain. Narcan can help even if opioids are taken with alcohol or other drugs. According to The Opiate Antidote to Save a Life, â€Å"After a dose of Narcan the person should begin to breathe more normally and it will become easier to wake them. Brain damage can occur within only a few minutes of an opioid overdose as the result of a lack of oxygen to the brain.† Of course, Narcan does not reanimate corpses, but it does revive an individual who has stopped breathing after suffering an opioid overdose, enabling her to start breathing again. Loss of oxygen to the brain is howShow MoreRelatedMarijuana: A Boon or A Gateway Drug876 Words   |  4 Pagesis the most popular drug plant. These products often used for their psychoactive effects. This can include heightened mood or euphoria, relaxation, and an increase in appetite. Popularity of the marijuana has increased widely these days between all age groups. Smoker’s says, â€Å"There is no harm in smoking marijuana, as it is non-addictive, it relaxes your body and connects you to your soul whereas, non-smokers say, â€Å"There is no reason one should smoke it because it’s a gateway drug.† Those who have neverRead MoreGateway Drugs3897 Words   |  16 PagesGateway Drugs and Common Drug Abuse The oldest known written record of drug use is a clay tablet from the ancient Sumerian civilization of the Middle East. This tablet, made in the 2000 s B.C., lists about a dozen drug prescriptions. An Egyptian scroll from bout 1550 B.C. names more than 800 prescriptions containing about 700 drugs. The ancient Chinese, Greek and Romans also used many drugs. The Greeks and Romans used opium to relieve pain. The Egyptians used castor oil as a laxative. The ChineseRead MoreMarijuan The Gateway Drug1595 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis; the gateway drug to harder narcotics or mankind’s unused saviour? Is cannabis as bad as we are led to believe or is it an untapped natural resource that the higher powers refuse to acknowledge? Since 1928 cannabis has been illegal in the United Kingdom. However it is also the most extensively used drug within the UK. This naturally found plant is known around the world, mainly for giving its users a ‘high’ however what many people donâ €™t know is that this plant has also been tested andRead MoreMarijuana as a Gateway Drug2211 Words   |  9 PagesSociology 225 Research Paper Marijuana as a Gateway Drug The gateway theory is a hypothesis which states that the use of gateway drugs (alcohol, tobacco and marijuana) lead to the use of more illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), marijuana is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act. â€Å"Schedule I drugs are classified as having a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United StatesRead MoreMarijuana a Gateway Drug?906 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana Is a Gateway Drug First time marijuana use will lead to harder drugs, creates health risks including HIV. Earleywine, M. (2004). Marijuana Is Not a Gateway to Other Addictive Drugs. Most marijuana users do not touch hard drugs. First time marijuana use does not mean an individual will use harder drugs because people will use whatever drug is available when they are ready to experiment. According to data from the 2000 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse (NHSDA)Read MoreMarijuana Should Be Legal For Recreational Use873 Words   |  4 Pagesjustice related to drug disputes would be reduced resulting in less crowding in prisons. Revised: Legalizing marijuana will result in less crowding in prisons. Premise: States gain profit from taxing marijuana Revised: States benefit financially from the legalization of marijuana. Conclusion: Marijuana should be legal for recreational use. Marijuana has been used in herbal remedies for centuries. It has been assisting in chemotherapy treatments for years. Unlike the many man-made drugs on the streetsRead MoreHayden Hines. Prof. Hawk. Comp 2. 9 Am-9:50 Am. 5 May 2017.1040 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven 30+ years of prison time. A popular belief today is that marijuana should be categorized as a harsh drug that produces a health hazard and if caught with it, deserves a harsh penalty and should in most cases be considered a gateway drug. A gateway drug is something that people see as a drug that isn’t as hard-core as others, but using this drug may lead some to try even more dangerous drugs because eventually they will need something more intense than the high that marijuana gives them. WhileRead MoreUsing Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes562 Words   |  2 Pagesagainst marijuana is that they claim it is a gateway drug. People say people who use marijuana would later use harder drugs such as cocaine,meth,and heroin which is irrelevant.Just because some people that do harder drugs such as the 3 I named started off with using marijuana does not mean all people would do the harder drugs. If someone wanted to experiment with cocaine,meth,or heroin they are going to do it regardless. If anything the gateway drugs that are leading people to cocaine,meth, or heroinRead More Decriminalization of Marijuana in Canada Essays1352 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is currently a hot topic of debate throughout Canada, and has been for the past few years. Marijuana was first banned in 1923 under the Opium and Drug Act, but since 1997 the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act have controlled it. In 2000, over 30,000 Canadians were charged with possession of marijuana. Currently, the marijuana laws are not enforced equally across the country, which has prompted the interest in changing the laws or possibly decriminalizing marijuana. Also, those convictedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 P agesable to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. 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Things You Should Know About Ap Lit Essay Samples Poetry

Things You Should Know About Ap Lit Essay Samples Poetry The majority of these essays are absolutely technical due to the amount of professionalism expected of the students at this specific stage of their life. Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which results in unfinished essay assignments and leads to a poor grade. There's a frequent tendency among the applicants to display their GRE vocabulary when writing SOP. This essay is dealing with the a variety of pros and cons of employing a low-cost essay support. When you're choosing an essay topic, it's important to select one which has lots of information and statistics to back up your perspective, and don't exaggerate any info you've chosen to write about. Summary Hiring an affordable essay service may be perfect pick for students at one time crunch. The way the topic affected you'll play a huge part in the way you will write your essay. This essay will end up being 300 to 600 words, so in the event you pick solid examples and make sure you're very clear in your explanations of things, it won't really hard to reach. The more information you are able to gather about the subject, the better prepared you'll be for writing your essay. This issue of a guide determines the points which are going to be used. If one paragraph looks weak, then the general caliber of your essay will be lacking. Literature essay writing also has to be unique in order to stand out. The majority of these essay writing helps can be found on the internet. An outline for a poetry analysis essay can be extremely straightforward, as it is only a guideline for the writer to construct upon as the very first draft is written. You know you're a writer, because you're driven to put your thoughts into words to share with others, you like to organize words, and you're either contemplating writing, or you're already writing articles and publishing them. You are able to also emphasize the book or piece that you mean to cope with. More likely, your reader is going to want to keep reading your essay to learn your opinion. The story of the novel is not especially intriguing. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you might want to argue is an excellent start. Start by stating your position and make propositions that you're going to be presenting on this issue available. Stick to the exact same procedure every time. Provide certain details whiling structuring one principal idea in 1 paragraph. Using Ap Lit Essay Samples Poetry There are several interesting and challenging Shakespeare essay topics to select from. Poetry analysis is just the procedure for reviewing the multiple artistic, functional, and structural pieces that compose a poem. Literature analysis, therefore, gives you the opportunity to escape from real life and venture into a zone that does not have any strain and sadness. You ought to make a strong well-supported analysis instead. The Ap Lit Essay Samples Poetry Trap The price generally changes depending on the essay type. Just place your order for virtually any sort of essay, and it's going to be done at the maximal level. Pros of employing an inexpensive essay service Availability Everywhere on the web, you can get one or other essay support. Thus selecting an expert for doing your essays could be the proper option. Most timed essays follow an easy, standardized format. On these sites, you may also discover additional tips about how to compose your essays together with download templates on various manners of formatting. Lies You've Been Told About Ap Lit Essay Samples Poetry The aim of entire course is to teach you the way to analyze. May be you never considered going for higher studies and because of this you didn't care that much to keep a greater CGPA. Irrespective of how much you'll be taking that day, there are a few ways that will allow you to get through the essay with a very low quantity of stress. AP Language and Composition course is a huge deal, and your primary goal is to clearly show your capacity to produce decent analysis with an ideal structure and grammar indexes. The Nuiances of Ap Lit Essay Samples Poetry Make sure and mark the questions you skipped so you may easily spot them when you're prep ared to tackle them. You should be ready to work hard from the beginning. The student should know all the directions of each section till they take the true test. Lets, have a break at this time and think of something else.

Reading Father and I Free Essays

Reading Father and I by Par Lagerkvist with Narrative and Culture Repetition One of the claims that J. Hillis Miller make in his essay Narrative, has to do with repetition and its relationship with enjoyment. Miller points out â€Å"We enjoy imitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Father and I or any similar topic only for you Order Now For one thing imitations are rhythmic, orderly and it is natural for us to take pleasure in rhythmic forms. † In answering the question, why we need the ‘same’ story over and over again, Miller adds â€Å"The repetition of a rhythmic pattern is intrinsically pleasurable, whatever the pattern is. The repetitions within the pattern are pleasurable themselves. From his claim, I can deduce that repetition is something that readers look for in a story. Come to think of it, it might be one of the driving forces that allow the reader to take interest. It is one primary consideration that writers need to take in making a story. In the fiction story, Father and I, by Par Lagerkvist, I find that the author not only uses repetition not only for enjoyment but also for the development of the story. Repetition is found in the rhetorical devices that he uses to develop his sentences. For one, he utilizes parallelism in his statements. There was noise and movement everywhere; bumblebees came out of their holes, midges swarmed wherever it was marshy, and birds darted out of the bushes to catch them and back again as quickly. † Another, he uses repetitive words in order to gain more impact in a sentence. â€Å"Nothing was right, nothing was real; it was all so weird. † The genius of Lagerkvist comes out in the repetition of events and elements in the plot and making them contradictory. The story repeats events and elements and creates a contrast of imagery depending on the time. The summary of events follow: the father and child go out, enter the woods, see animals and telegraph poles, encounter a train, and arrive at their destination. At day time, the woods are full of life and movement. Animals and telegraph poles sing. The train is a friendly passerby that greets the father and child. Their destination brings remembrance of the childhood of the father. But at night time, the woods change. Animals stare. Poles rumble like talking deep down from the earth. A train passes unexpectedly. They proceed to their destination with the child traumatized by the experience. In doing this, the author accomplishes his goal of creating crisis in the main character (child), bringing him from a situation of certainty and control to a situation of anguish and vulnerability. The skilful repetition of events allows me to read the story and follow the movement easily. The contradiction in the presentation of the events gives a two-sides-of-a-coin effect on the symbols employed by the story. The train, for example, isn’t just a symbol of the father’s ability to control but it also a symbol of his inability to foresee future danger. Performative Function Miller extensively discusses the functions of fiction in his essay. One of these functions that he writes about is the function that speech-act theorists call ‘performative function’. He writes, â€Å"A story has a way of doing things with words. It makes something happen in the real world: for example, it can propose modes of selfhood or ways of behaving that are then imitated in the real world. † Taking his statement and applying it to the story, I sense that Father and I proposes to the real world a stage of common experience and defines this experience. It pays close attention to the coming of age of a child; when the child grows from childhood to adulthood. This story describes how this coming-of-age can be like. The child begins to realize that he feels differently from his father. â€Å"It was so strange that only I was afraid, not Father, that we didn’t think the same. † The divide develops further when the child sees that the father (a railroad worker) didn’t recognize the train driver, â€Å"Father didn’t recognize him, didn’t know who he was. † He realizes that his father was powerless. â€Å"†¦The unknown, all that Father knew nothing about, that he wouldn’t be able to protect me against. † The story ‘performs’ by describing the processes that the child underwent. It defines how the child underwent the process of individuation. The child realizes that he is different from his father; his father no longer understands what he is going through. The child now is on his own; he begins understands what it is to be an individual. Further, the child becomes aware that there are things his father could not protect him from. He has to proceed on his own. He has to stand face the world that has its own darkness. In a rather stark manner, the author allows us to gain insight into the coming-of-age. This experience is an experience of cutting-off; this can be rather painful and lonely. He shows that this is an experience of independence; it will be a life for the person and not for anyone else. It is an experience of uncertainty; not everything will be in control. The world no longer revolves for the convenience of the person. â€Å"It just hurtled, blazing, into the darkness that had no end. † Culture Builders Greenblatt and Miller agree that stories are reflectors and builders of culture. Miller writes â€Å"Fiction [†¦] accurate reflectors of a culture and [†¦] are the makers of that culture and as the unostentatious, but therefore all the more effective policemen of that culture. Greenblatt adds to this by looking at culture as a movement of constraint and mobility. It has the movement of constraint: has a set of limits within which individuals must be contained. It has the movement of mobility: the regulator and guarantor of movement. We find these dynamics in the story as well. We can that the story reflects (moves as constraint) the culture of that time. We need to contextualize this first by looking at the background of the author. Par Lagerkvist lived from 1891 to 1974. He is a son of station master Anders Johan Lagerkvist and Johanna Blad, was born in the south of Sweden. Seeing this, I surmise that the story might come from a personal experience and reflects the culture of his time. In the story, we sense the qualities expected of the males in their culture. They were â€Å"sound and sensible people†. They â€Å"didn’t make much fuss about things. † They stay calm and not think of anything even in difficult situations. The story reflects the image of males as composed; even stoic and unfeeling. The story not only reflects these qualities but also challenges them. It tries to build culture brings about the movement of mobility. The child asks if the Father really does not feel fear. â€Å"I couldn’t understand how he could be so calm when it was so murky†. The story questions this breezy calm and asks for greater transparency. The story also brings to attention how the father is unconnected to feeling and how he could no longer relate to the experience of the child. The story questions that sense of security and certainty that are expected or found of in men of their culture. It challenges this culture to face the world even with one’s insecurity and vulnerability. How to cite Reading Father and I, Papers

Theology of the Book of Romans free essay sample

In the first seven chapters of the book of Romans the apostle Paul writes a logical and clear presentation of the Gospel as he systematically explains the sinfulness of mankind and God’s answer, justification by faith. Romans chapter 8 is a powerful summary and conclusion to the arguments Paul presents. This essay will highlight Paul’s dominant points sequentially from chapter one, making reference to the correlating verses Paul presents in summary in chapter eight. In Romans chapter one verses 16-17 Paul declares, â€Å"For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek. For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, â€Å"The just shall live by faith. † These two verses are often referred to as the heart of the letter. We will write a custom essay sample on Theology of the Book of Romans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They state the theological theme which Paul outworks in the first seven chapters. Martin Luther wrote in his Commentary on Romans: The Gospel is called the power of God in contradistinction to the power of man. The latter is the (supposed) ability by which he, according to his carnal opinion, obtains salvation by his own strength, and performs the things which are of the flesh. But this ability God, by the cross of Christ, has utterly declared null and void, and now gives us His own power by which the spiritual – (the believer) – is empowered unto salvation. In Romans 1:18-3:20. Paul quickly begins to paint a picture of mankind’s position before God. It’s as if Paul leads the reader into Gods courtroom where all of mankind will be tried. Until man knows he is a sinner he cannot appreciate the gracious salvation God offers in Jesus Christ. Drawing on three separate arguments Paul declares that all men are sinners, guilty before God and in need of redemption. The first of Paul’s three arguments in this first section is found in Romans 1:18-32. Here Paul argues that the whole Gentile world is guilty. Paul’s next argument is that the Jewish world is also guilty (Romans 2:1-3:8). The Jews thought that because they were Gods chosen people they were exempt from judgment. They were given the Law, they had the physical sign of God’s covenant – circumcision, and they were led by God to the Promised Land where they saw victory after victory. God proved time and again that He was the one true God and He had promised never to abandon them. Surely they would escape His wrath. However, the Jews’ actions were contrary to the law. They were guilty along with everyone else. Paul finishes his argument in Romans 2 by drawing a distinction between outward and inward circumcision. The Jews had come to depend on this outward sign of circumcision instead of the spiritual significance it represented. They had come to believe that only those who had been circumcised in the flesh were saved. Their faith was in this physical religious rite which they thought guaranteed a person’s entrance into God’s kingdom. First Paul argued that the Gentile world is guilty. Second he declared that Jewish world is also guilty. Romans 3:9-20 presents Paul’s third argument that in fact the whole world is guilty before God! Paul finishes this first section of the letter in Romans 3:20 declaring that â€Å"Therefore by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight, for by the Law is the knowledge of sin. Some commentators have called this verse the ‘therefore of condemnation’, a horrible position for all of mankind that we will see answered completely in Romans chapter eight verse one, the ‘therefore of no condemnation’. The Jews stand condemned by the law and the Gentiles by creation and conscience, the whole world is guilty, both Jews and Gentiles need a liberator. In Romans 3:21-22 God begins to reveal His answer to this guilt and condemnation. The two words, ‘But now’, opening chapter 3, verse 21 begin to introduce the solution to the terrible spiritual predicament facing mankind. The law cannot make man right with God; all it can do is reveal his sins. What can be done? Paul shows us the answer in verse 22 ‘the righteousness of God’. God gives mankind right standing before Himself through what we know as ‘the righteousness of God through faith’. This thought is summed up in Romans 8:3 â€Å"For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh†. Leon Morris, in his commentary on Romans, says that passage from Romans 3:23-25 may be possibly the most important single paragraph ever written. For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood, through faith, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed† (Rom 3:23-25). Martyn Lloyd-Jones describes verse 24 so well in his Romans Exposition of Chapters 3:20-4:25, Atonement and Justification: This is undoubtedly one of the great verses of the Bible. It is a statement that can be compared with John 3:16. It is a perfect synopsis of the Christian faith, and it is important, therefore, that we should understand it clearly. ‘Being justified freely by his grace’, there is a sense in which the reader must grasp the meaning of this verse or there is no purpose in proceeding any further. A revelation of this verse is paramount if we are to enjoy the liberty that is offered to us in the Gospel. Many people have struggled with this verse because of the consciousness of their own sin, however, ‘justification’ makes no actual physical change in a person as it is a legal declaration by God. It is not something that results from what a person does, but rather something that is done for them. God declares the repentant sinner as righteous. Parallel this thought with Romans 8:4, â€Å"that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit†. The righteous requirement of the law is fulfilled if we walk in what God has provided for us and not in our works. Verse 25 continues â€Å"whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood, through faith, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance God had passed over the sins that were previously committed†. Here the Apostle Paul now begins to explain the Gospel he has already described. Sinful, lost mankind is redeemed by the substitutionary death of Jesus Christ and this is the only way it could happen. This is one of the most important verses in the whole of scripture. God was ‘setting forth,’ making a public declaration of redemption and the way of salvation. All men are now justified free from human works, justified by His grace alone. James Denney in his classic book, The Death of Christ: Its Place and Interpretation in the New Testament, says: There can be no gospel unless there is such a thing as a righteousness of God for the ungodly. But just as little can there be any gospel unless the integrity of God’s character be maintained. The problem of the sinful world, the problem of all religion, the problem of God in dealing with a sinful race, is how to unite these two things. The Christian answer to the problem is given by Paul in the words: â€Å"Jesus Christ, whom God se t forth a propitiation†¦. † Righteousness is a gift received through faith and therefore there is no room for human boasting. This applies to both Jews and Gentiles. A helpful way of understanding God’s gift of righteousness is to contrast it with the law. â€Å"For the Law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. † (John 1:17 ). Romans chapter four now expands on this contrast. Justification is by faith alone. In Romans chapter 4 Paul shows this by using the example of Abraham. Abraham was justified by faith not works, grace not law. Abraham was not circumcised when he was declared righteous, demonstrating that he can be the ‘father’ of all believers, both Jew and Christian. Circumcision was a symbol’ of, not the action that demonstrated faith. The ‘promise’ of justification by faith was not given to Abraham through the law, because the law was not yet established. In Romans 3:20 Paul presented the ‘therefore of condemnation’. Now in chapter 5:1 he argues the ‘therefore of justification’. â€Å"Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ† (Rom 5:1). Romans 8:2 declares â€Å"For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death†. This is the only reason why we have peace with God. Now that mankind is redeemed, has peace with God and the past is taken care of, God will no longer hold their sins against them. Every Christian now has access to God so that He can take care of their present needs. In Romans 5:2-5 Paul now explains that justification is not an escape from the tribulation or the problems of this world, however if Christ died for the sinner how much more shall God save the righteous from the wrath to come. This whole thought is the subject of the second part of Romans 8, verses 31-39. Paul speaking from experience takes a very realistic view of the challenges; difficulties and persecutions believers will have to face in this life. In the second half of Romans 5 Paul now makes a contrast between Adam and Christ stating that the consequence of Christs obedience is far greater than Adams disobedience. Adam had dominion over all of creation but when he sinned he lost his kingdom. Because of this sin, all mankind is under death and condemnation. Jesus Christ is now the King over a new creation (2 Cor. 5:17). Jesus’ obedience on the Cross has brought righteousness and justification. He has not only undone all the effects of Adam’s sin, He has accomplished ‘much more’ by making all who receive Him, to become the very sons of God. In verses 17-21 the two ‘one acts’ of Adam and Christ are contrasted. Adams ‘one act’ of offence, resulted in condemnation, making all men sinners while Christs ‘one act’ of obedience resulted in justification of life, and the righteousness of many. Having been made righteous, how shall the Christian now live? The struggle for all Christians is that ‘the flesh’ still tries to control them, despite them having been justified by Christ. Having clearly proved the sinfulness of both Jews and Gentiles and that both must be redeemed by Christ through faith and grace, in chapter six Paul now takes up the argument of the divine method of dealing with sin, and the secret of a victorious and holy life. The reader discovers from Romans chapters 6-8 that although mankind has been delivered from the penalty of the power of sin, they have not yet been delivered from the presence of sin. In chapter six, Paul gives instruction for attaining victory over sin, summed up in the three key words: know, reckon and present. . Romans 6:1-10 Know. The disciple must know the Word of God and the facts pertaining to this redemption and his relationship with Christ. Romans 8:5-6 â€Å"For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace†. The disciple must renew their mind to the facts of the Word of God (Rom 12:2). 2. Romans 6:11 – Reckon. â€Å"Reckon yourself to be dead indeed to sin†. The disciple must reckon these facts to be absolutely true personally, daily and continuously. Romans 8:10 declares â€Å" †¦ if Christ is in you, the body is dead because of sin, but the Spirit is life because of righteousness†. As renowned New Testament scholar C. E. B. Cranfield says: No matter what we used to be like, God considers that old person dead and gone. However, because God sees our old way of life as ‘dead and gone’, so should we. The purpose of this ‘death’ is that ‘the sinful body (literally ‘body of sin’) might be destroyed, and we might no longer be enslaved to sin’. By the ‘sinful body Paul means ‘the whole man as controlled by sin’ 3. Romans 6:12-16 – Present. The disciple must present himself to God with a willing heart. Rom 6:15 asks the question ‘Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? ’ This question is followed by the absolute denial ‘Certainly not! Do you not know†¦,’ which is a reference back to what ought to be ‘known’ in verses 1-10. Whatever someone ‘presents their members to’ or ‘yields themselves to’ makes them ‘slaves of that power’. Rom 8:12-13 â€Å"Therefore, brethren, we are debtors—not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. For if you live according to the flesh you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. This all sound well and good in theory however what if the Christian still struggles with sin what legal right does ‘the law’ have to do with them? Paul’s conclusion in Romans seven, verses 1- 6 is that the law no longer exercises dominion over Christians because they have died, in the sense of dying with Christ, and this death involved a death ‘to the law’. The Christian’s old life is described as a life ‘in the flesh’ (v. ), which refers to an existence controlled and dominated by the fallen human nature. In this condition Paul confesses that â€Å"sin taking opportunity by the commandment, produced in me all manner of evil desire. For apart from the law sin was dead† (Rom 7:8). This revealing statement is expounded in verses 7-13. Even though the law’s primary purpose was to bring the â⠂¬Ëœknowledge of sin’ (Rom 3:20; 7:7), sin was aroused when confronted by the law (Rom7:8-11). Rom 8:8-12 says: â€Å"So then, those who are in the flesh cannot please God. But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His. And if Christ is in you, the body is dead because of sin, but the Spirit is life because of righteousness. But if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you. Therefore, brethren, we are debtors—not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. When Paul wrote that he failed to do the good that he wanted to do (Rom. 7:15–20), clearly he meant that he was missing his intended target of faithfully following God. Cranfield says â€Å"The more seriously a Christian strives to live from grace and submit to the discipline of the gospel, the more sensitive he becomes to the fact that even his very best acts and activities are disfigured by the egotism which is still powerful within him – and no less evil because it is often more subtly disguised than formerly†. As stated in the introduction Romans chapter eight summarises and brings to conclusion the previous seven chapters. It powerfully describes Paul as a Christian, transitioning from trying to live under the ‘law’ to living in freedom and victory under ‘grace’. In the preceding seven chapters he expounded that the law, the flesh and the new Christian nature on their own are totally inadequate to produce holy Christian living. The Christian who relies on his own strength and will power is fighting a losing battle. Only when he avails himself of the grace that is his ‘in Christ Jesus’, will he be ‘more than a conqueror’. Stanley Toussaint, writing in the Bibliotheca Sacra Journal says â€Å"Bible teachers accurately make a large point to the fact there is no reference to the Holy Spirit in Romans chapter seven. What is needed is the power of the Holy Spirit outworking in a Christians life. God’s amazing provision for this is the teaching of Romans chapter eight. As if presenting his case in a court of law, we have seen Paul continually summarising his evidence with the conjunction ‘therefore’. In Rom 3:20 he presents the ‘therefore of condemnation’ and in chapter 5:1 the ‘there fore of justification’. Now in Rom 8:1 Paul declares the culmination of these, the ‘therefore of no condemnation’. Continuing on Paul makes three supporting statements about the believer and the law, and together they add up to ‘no condemnation’.

Sons and Lovers Narrative Essays

Sons and Lovers Narrative Essays Sons and Lovers Narrative Paper Sons and Lovers Narrative Paper The appeal of the novel hinges primarily on its narrative structure, Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement. Narrative structure of a novel is primarily responsible for appeal of novel for reader. Essentially narrative structure encompasses the themes and the plot of the story. Prose writers feel strongly about issues that they want to sensitizes the reader to. However appeal of a novel requires use of narrative techniques not only structure such as style, setting and characterization. In D. H Lawrence novel, Sons and Lovers, his semi auto- biographic work, he bring across to readers his negative feeling towards his father and his feeling towards his over bearing mother. Lawrence narrative is designed for readers to interpret characters and events and draw own conclusions based on how he presents them. Lawrence characters plays a major role in bringing across his different perspective of themes to readers. As said by Haircut (2012), the main force of D. H. Lawrence novels is always located in characters. Lawrence uses narrative structure to portray to readers effectively background and circumstances which Paul grew up in whilst at same time alluding to themes of novel. Lawrence decides to break up the novel into two parts in order for the reader to understand the environment in which Paul grows up in. The first part effectively brings across to us a dysfunctional family with an array of problems including an overbearing mother, a deadbeat father and also creation of strong matriarchal influence on the children. The second part wows us Paul as a young adult and the challenges he faces. The main issue presents to reader the detrimental effect of Gertrude smothering ways, have in preventing Paul from forming long lasting relationships with Marina and Clara. Lawrence narrative structure pivots characterization of characters as an essential part of readers interpretation of the themes in the novel. Two themes presented to readers in the novel are masculinity and social class structure. In my interpretation of the novel Lawrence allows to juxtapose different prospects of what a man is. Mrs.. Morel idea of what a man is or rather her viewpoint of masculinity stems from her father of being able to provide for family, intellectual and well mannered. Mr.. Morel on the other hand provides us with a different viewpoint of masculinity of simplicity, great physical presence, natural warmth and lack of education. Additionally the disunity that arises between Gertrude and Walter must be seen as a union doomed to fail because of differences in social class. The incompatibility and separation of their viewpoint of Gertrude and Walter is best shown by this nine said by Gertrude, The estrangement between them caused him knowingly or unknowingly grossly to offend her where he would have not have done. Lawrence effectively displays a viewpoint that people of different classes are unable to coexist. Lawrence narrative technique may not be explicit In saying openly his feeling as plot unfolds however his style is effective in creating appeal and intrigue for the reader. The plot unfold with great detail placed also on explanation of setting particularly the Burrows. The use of setting by Lawrence to allow readers to be able to clearly identify environment and what social class of society, the people of Burrows represent. Lawrence style in terms of language of characters in the play emphasize difference in society with elite speaking with fluency and using proper English whilst most denizens of mining town speaking rough and dialectal variation. Novels require prose writes to use more than narrative structure to create appeal for readers. Writers must use narrative techniques to express and bring across their viewpoint, their narrative structure.

Compare Nationalism in China and Japan

Compare Nationalism in China and Japan The period between 1750 and 1914 was pivotal in world history, and particularly in East Asia. China had long been the only superpower in the region, secure in the knowledge that it was the Middle Kingdom around which the rest of the world pivoted. Japan, cushioned by stormy seas, held itself apart from its Asian neighbors much of the time  and had developed a unique and inward-looking culture. Beginning in the 18th century, however, both Qing China and Tokugawa Japan faced a new threat: imperial expansion by the European powers and later the United States. Both countries responded with growing nationalism, but their versions of nationalism had different focuses and outcomes. Japans nationalism was aggressive and expansionist, allowing Japan itself to become one of the imperial powers in an astonishingly short amount of time. Chinas nationalism, in contrast, was reactive and disorganized, leaving the country in chaos and at the mercy of foreign powers until 1949. Chinese Nationalism In the 1700s, foreign traders from Portugal, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and other countries sought to trade with China, which was the source of fabulous luxury products like silk, porcelain, and tea. China allowed them only in the port of Canton  and severely restricted their movements there. The foreign powers wanted access to Chinas other ports and to its interior. The First and Second Opium Wars (1839-42 and 1856-60) between China and Britain ended in humiliating defeat for China, which had to agree to give foreign traders, diplomats, soldiers, and missionaries access rights. As a result, China fell under economic imperialism, with different western powers carving out spheres of influence in Chinese territory along the coast. It was a shocking reversal for the Middle Kingdom. The people of China blamed their rulers, the Qing emperors, for this humiliation, and called for the expulsion of all foreigners - including the Qing, who were not Chinese but ethnic Manchus from Manchuria. This groundswell of nationalist and anti-foreigner feeling led to the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64). The charismatic leader of the Taiping Rebellion, Hong Xiuquan, called for the ouster of the Qing Dynasty, which had proved itself incapable of defending China and getting rid of the opium trade. Although the Taiping Rebellion did not succeed, it did severely weaken the Qing government. The nationalist feeling continued to grow in China after the Taiping Rebellion was put down. Foreign Christian missionaries fanned out in the countryside, converting some Chinese to Catholicism or Protestantism, and threatening traditional Buddhist and Confucian beliefs. The Qing government raised taxes on ordinary people to fund half-hearted military modernization, and pay war indemnities to the western powers after the Opium Wars. In 1894-95, the people of China suffered another shocking blow to their sense of national pride. Japan, which had at times been a tributary state of Chinas in the past, defeated the Middle Kingdom in the First Sino-Japanese War  and took control of Korea. Now China was being humiliated not only by the Europeans and Americans  but also by one of their nearest neighbors, traditionally a subordinate power. Japan also imposed war indemnities  and occupied the Qing emperors homeland of Manchuria. As a result, the people of China rose up in anti-foreigner fury once more in 1899-1900. The Boxer Rebellion began as equally anti-European and anti-Qing, but soon the people and the Chinese government joined forces to oppose the imperial powers. An eight-nation coalition of the British, French, Germans, Austrians, Russians, Americans, Italians, and Japanese defeated both the Boxer Rebels and the Qing Army, driving Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu out of Beijing. Although they clung to power for another decade, this was really the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty fell in 1911, the Last Emperor Puyi abdicated the throne, and a Nationalist government under Sun Yat-sen took over. However, that government did not last long, and China slipped into a decades-long civil war between the nationalists and the communists that only ended in 1949 when Mao Zedong and the Communist Party prevailed. Japanese Nationalism For 250 years, Japan existed in quiet and peace under the Tokugawa Shoguns (1603-1853). The famed samurai warriors were reduced to working as bureaucrats and writing wistful poetry  because there were no wars to fight. The only foreigners allowed in Japan were a handful of Chinese and Dutch traders, who were confined to an island in Nagasaki Bay. In 1853, however, this peace was shattered when a squadron of American steam-powered warships under Commodore Matthew Perry showed up in Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay) and demanded the right to refuel in Japan. Just like China, Japan had to allow foreigners in, sign unequal treaties with them, and allow them extraterritorial rights on Japanese soil. Also like China, this development sparked anti-foreign and nationalist feelings in the Japanese people and caused the government to fall. However, unlike China, the leaders of Japan took this opportunity to thoroughly reform their country. They quickly turned it from an imperial victim to an aggressive imperial power in its own right. With Chinas recent Opium War humiliation as a warning, the Japanese started with a complete overhaul of their government and social system. Paradoxically, this modernization drive centered around the Meiji Emperor, from an imperial family that had ruled the country for 2,500 years. For centuries, however, the emperors had been figureheads, while the shoguns wielded actual power. In 1868, the Tokugawa Shogunate was abolished and the emperor took the reins of government in the Meiji Restoration. Japans new constitution also did away with the feudal social classes, made all of the samurai and daimyo into commoners, established a modern conscript military, required basic elementary education for all boys and girls, and encouraged the development of heavy industry. The new government convinced the people of Japan to accept these sudden and radical changes by appealing to their sense of nationalism; Japan refused to bow to the Europeans, they would prove that Japan was a great, modern power, and Japan would rise to be the Big Brother of all of the colonized and down-trodden peoples of Asia. In the space of a single generation, Japan became a major industrial power with a well-disciplined modern army and navy. This new Japan shocked the world in 1895 when it defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War. That was nothing, however, compared to the complete panic that erupted in Europe when Japan beat Russia (a European power!) in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Naturally, these amazing David-and-Goliath victories fueled further nationalism, leading some of the people of Japan to believe that they were inherently superior to other nations. While nationalism helped to fuel Japans incredibly quick development into a major industrialized nation and an imperial power  and helped it fend off the western powers, it certainly had a dark side as well. For some Japanese intellectuals and military leaders, nationalism developed into fascism, similar to what was happening in the newly-unified European powers of Germany and Italy. This hateful and genocidal ultra-nationalism led Japan down the road to military overreach, war crimes, and eventual defeat in World War II.

Victim Assistance Office and Organizational Structure Assignment

Victim Assistance Office and Organizational Structure - Assignment Example In addition, the services to be offered in the office will be discussed. Other aspects to be analyzed include associate agencies necessary for the success of the office, outreach programs, and how to seek and receive funds. The office will have three posts including Prosecuting Attorney, Chief Assistant, Counselor and an Office Administrator. The Prosecuting Attorney must have a law degree from the internationally accredited university. The Prosecuting Attorney will be the overall manager of the office and will thus be in charge of the affairs of the victims. Secondly, the Chief Assistant, who is subordinate to the Prosecuting Attorney, must also have a law degree from the internationally accredited university. The Prosecuting Attorney will work in collaboration with the Chief Assistant in meeting the objectives of the office. Finally, the office administrator will be in charge of administrative duties at the office such as handling of victim records and correspondence. Counseling services will be provided by the Counselor. Associate agencies will include police departments. The police will help the office in ensuring that suspects are arrested. In addition, the police, especially the FBI, will help victims to carry out investigations. Community organizations will also help the office in ensuring that crime victims are assisted in coming up with the challenges that affect them. The victim assistance office main aim will be to provide direct assistance to individuals who have been affected by criminal activities. The counselor will ensure that the traumatized, as well as, confused victims are assisted. After counseling, the prosecuting attorney will be required to provide referrals to effective agencies that will help the victim in understanding the justice system. In the current society, there is still lack of knowledge on what should happen after crimes have been committed (Doyle, 2008). The victim assistance office will help  in creating and disseminating understandable information to crime victims.  

Operartional management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operartional management - Essay Example The case of restaurant managed by Ms Nok Si Leon shows that she is full of innovative and quality improvements ideas, thus some of them will not work in the airport setting. To present a total point of view, critics shall consider channels from the manufacturers' perspective, emphasizing their selection rather than the description of their components. Just the same, it should not be assumed that channels are always selected or devised on a rational basis. Many channels just grow and become habitual and institutionalized. In the future they must be planned more effectively because marketing tasks (which are shaped by technological changes, sociological and psychological factors, new product development, automation, and dynamic global markets) are becoming more complex (Naylor 2002). The proposed two shelf lines will help Nok to meet customers' expectations and different tastes. It should be evident that differences exist between the organization and management of a channel as compared with that of an independent unit. Authority does not flow directly through each of the units from the top down. Resources are owned and allocated by a number of units. Objectives and expectations of units vary; and although interdependence of interests exists, there are also conflicts. The ideal relationship as seen by each member may shackle other members. In such instances, negotiation, bargaining, and requests for cooperation as well as power become tools of coordination. Following Cohen and Roussel (2004) equilibrium in a channel depends on the development of mutually satisfying marketing relationships and roles among manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. The tie that binds and coordinates channel activity is the community of interest and independence that these groups share. Often the relationship is one in which the manufacturer is the primary organization and other channel members are secondary (Naylor 2002). The most ineffective strategy is to divide the restaurant into two areas and "move" it divided line when necessary. It will create a lot of problems for staff and visitors. Basically, restaurants have three channel policy courses available to them -- intensive, limited, or exclusive distribution. Intensive or broad distribution gives maximum exposure; these are convenience items where easy and ready access is important. The problem they pose of widespread market penetration often requires wholesalers. Limited menus permits a choice of dealers more ready to cooperate with a manufacturer and promote his line. This approach permits the concentration of effort on selected outlets, and requires careful planning. Nok should rely on high quality but limited number of food proposed to customers (Naylor 2002). For Nok, channel selection has great bearing on a company's financial requirements and market capability and vice versa. Given the total range of services supplied by a channel (the wholesaler, for example), companies are able to distribute to broader market areas and to expand their production capabilities. As distribution channels change, so do corporate financial requirements and resource positions. Manufacturers may establish a sequential plan for distribution based on their own development. For instance, a small manufacturer with a limited product line, limited finances, and geographically dispersed markets may use the full services of a wholesaler. As the manufacturer grows in financial

The Benefits Of Bim Challenges Information Technology Essay

The Benefits Of Bim Challenges Information Technology Essay On January 21, 2008 the stock markets around the world tumbled. No one has felt the effects of the recession more than here in the United States. Many have compared these events to as the worst economical events since the great drepression. Thousands of companies have had to close doors because of the lapse in the economy. Construction type companies are some of those companies that have struggled emensly during the recession. Construction companies have had to do many things they would normally not do just to keep the doors open. Many cconstruction companies have had to look at inovaitive stratagies just to stay ahead of the competition. Companies such as J.F. Ahern Co., have began to use one strategy that that has cost them both time and money. Innovative stratigies are risky, they dont always work. However in this case the J.F.Ahern Co. has use this stategy to not only improve the product side of there product, but has also used this strategy to help inprove the experience for the customer. J.F.Ahern Co. has introduce the use of building information modeling as a strategy to keep them ahead of the rest. Body The use of BIM (building information modeling) has started to become very popular in the construction industry. It is being utilized by all parties involved in current building projects including architects, engineers, contractors, and even owners. BIM started out as a design tool as preliminary ideas but is now implemented into all the project phases from initial design to final completion. The questions about BIM in todays industry is, are contractors utilizing BIM to its full potential and is it worth the cost of implementing BIM? Its seems that larger contractors will be able to make the transition to BIM more easily than smaller subcontractors or specialty contractors. J.F. Ahern Co. is a mechanical and fire protection contractor that has been using BIM since 2003. What caused J.F. Ahern Co. to start using and continue using BIM during these challenging and tough economic times? They were using BIM before contractors were taking fewer profit margins on projects and prior to the building industry slowing down. J.F. Ahern Co. described the implementation of BIM in their company by saying we will continue to use it because it is the way the industry is going. Embrace it or be passed up by the competition. (Eichers) This shows that the industry is evolving into one that will be dependent on BIM in the near future. As a company if your competitors are utilizing BIM it will cause you to adapt in the same way. This means that small and large contractors will be caused to shift to using BIM practices sooner or later. The case study is to determine how contractors are affected by BIM and the cost to benefit. J.F. Ahern Co. has decided to be a leader in the industry regarding BIM so they can use it as a marketing tool to acquire more work. This would be worth the cost of implementing BIM because they are obtaining more work as a result of its use. They have continued to invest time and money to become knowledgeable and trained in order to better utilize BIM. J.F. Ahern Co. explained that many architectural and engineering firms are using 3-D modeling software like Autodesk Revit to model buildings and systems or equipment. The challenge is using the Revit models and converting them into usable models for design fabrication without having to completely redraw everything. Some contractors are hiring design technicians to work with 3-D model s and make them functional. This requires extra labor and is a cost of BIM that some contractors are willing to pay while others are not. J.F. Ahern Co. has not needed to hire staff for this position but they are keeping up with training due to changing technology and software. Another cost of using BIM technology for a contractor is the equipment needed to run the software. In their case they had to invest in computers capable running multiple 3-D programs at one time, RAM space, video cards and more. In their company not everyone needs to be BIM technology savvy. Only the CAD mangers of each disciplin e are the people directly working on BIM and the 3-D models. It seems the future of BIM is already here in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. In the summer or 2009 Wisconsin became the first state to require architect and engineers to use BIM on large public buildings explained by Jeff Brown in the article Wisconsin Bets on BIM. The Wisconsin Division of State Facilities (DSF) is the authorities who issued the requirements and guidelines on public projects. BIM will be required in all phases of design and up to date models will be provided throughout the construction process. The owner will receive a finished model at project completion. This shows that contractors of all disciplines and size will need to adapt to the changing industry. Companies like J.F. Ahern Co. are already ahead of the curve and seeing the benefits of using BIM. When asked about their company being ahead or behind the curve in the use of BIM they said Just ahead but everyone is catching up. At least everyone that wants to be a player in the industr y. (Eichers) They see that BIM is a vital part in the industry and will soon be a must. Large Contractors like Barton Malow Co. has been one of the leaders in the industry coordinating subs to work with BIM. They have seen some disciplines in the industry adapt to using BIM but others are behind. Alex Ivanikiw of Barton Malow Co. says The steel fabricators are clearly out in front of all other trades. The mechanical and electrical specialty contractors are getting on board, particularly the HVAC and their shop drawing guys. The ones behind the curve are the architectural trades. The concrete, curtain-wall and interiors people are well behind in adopting and implementing BIM stated in the article Subcontractors Take Their Time Adoption Follows Uneven Paths by Tom Sawyer. BIM has been utilized in the most costly part of construction projects. 3-D modeling software can be expensive and using the software can be difficult and timely. J.F. Ahern Co. uses several softwares including Autocad, Bentley Autoplant (industrial piping), Cad Mech (HVAC piping and plumbing), Cad Duct (HVAC Ductwork), Revit, and Navisworks. They use these 3-D modeling tools every day in many aspects. Each project is unique and requires different practices in utilizing BIM. They represent HCAV systems for design, coordination, and fabrication. BIM is a commonly used term in the industry and may refer to different things as contractors will use it for various benefits. J.F. Ahern Co. uses Building Information Modeling as a process of embedding information in the model that will be useful at a later date such as shop drawings, manufacturer data, service manuals and more. Contractors have only begun to use BIM as a project tool. When used effectively contractors can visualize and track other project data such as submittals. With better collaboration and co mmunication among party members in the project change orders and requests for information may be reduced. Another reason why contractors will need to transition into using BIM is the utilization in all construction phases. J. F. Ahern Co. uses BIM in design, pre-construction, coordination, fabrication, and installation. As a mechanical and fire protection contractor J.F Ahern Co. uses BIM for fabrication purposes. Prefabrication is the process of assembling systems and equipment in the shop and transporting them to the site for installation. BIM can be a great tool for prefabricated components in construction. There are many advantages of prefabrication including quality control, less construction waste, reduced labor in the field, and construction time is reduced. All these advantages can drive project costs down and lower the contract price. J.F Ahern Co. does a lot of prefabrication on the plumbing side that issued directly from the fabrication shop from the 3-D coordinated drawings. They do some prefabricated work on the duct side when it is possible to logistically get prefabricated items into the building. Their goal is to greatly increase the amount of prefabrication in the future. Using BIM and 3-D modeling enables J.F. Ahern Co. to make the installation of their systems and equipment go more smoothly. This is one of the aspects where BIM offers a great advantage over contractors who dont have the same technology. BIM offers various advantages throughout a construction project form initial design to final completion. The use of BIM allows J.F Ahern Co. to identify problems much earlier in the project and hopefully get the issues worked out before anything goes to fabrication and causes costs impacts due to changes that have to be made. The use of BIM also allows them to identify areas where architectural changes may have to be made to accommodate the mechanical systems. The earlier these changes can be made the less of a cost impact they have for the owner. J.F Ahern utilizes BIM as a quality control issue to make sure there are no mistakes that drive up costs in the end. This will increase the cost to benefit ratio because it will help keep clients and obtain work in the future. This requires coordination between multiple members on a project to ensure the entire project as a whole is problem free. Dave Morris is director of virtual construction for EMCOR Construction Services and on the Asso ciated General Contractors BIM forum subcommittee. In an article by Tom Sawyer Subcontractors Take Their Time Adoption Follows Uneven Paths, Morris explains that risk and liability to all parties can be eliminated by brining all trades early in the project phases to ensure constructability. Problems exist when underperforming subcontractors dont implement BIM when all other parties on the project do. This is when special coordination and collision problems arise causing delays and inefficiencies in projects. Morris explains that these types of problems have led to a recommendation by the AGCs BIM subcommittee to add protocol to contracts in an appendix or instruction to bidders that anything a subcontractor decides not to model cannot be installed until all modeled components have been. This is a sign that BIM will be mandatory on future projects. Companies like J.F. Ahern Co. are already ahead of the curve using BIM technology and will only benefit more as the industry changes. The y already have the infrastructure in their company and will keep seeing the benefits in the future. BIM can be used as a project management tool among other purposes. The question is how effective is it in a project being completed more smoothly with better coordination and communication among project participants. BIM is intended for everyones use from the general contractor to the smaller subcontractors. With better collaboration on a project there would be a lower number of requests for information and change orders. J.F. Ahern Co. hasnt seen a reduction in change orders or request for information but issues are identified much earlier in the project and reducing cost impacts. They feel in the future when BIM becomes more common in the industry they will see a reduction in change orders and requests for information when implemented as its intended use initial concept and design stages. BIM also offers much improved communication between the owner and project participants. Communication between subcontractors and general contractors is more efficient on BIM utilized projects. J.F Ahern Co. thinks it helps communicate a lot of the information in a much clearer venue. The information was always available but there was never a good way to convey it unless you were dealing with someone that understands the industry and construction. BIM is a great visual representation and easy to understand. It is a great tool to present to owners because they can understand how the construction process will work very easily. This is a great benefit of BIM and makes it worth the costs and time used to implement it. J.F Ahern Co.is maximizing its use for profit. The real question behind BIM is the cost to benefit ratio. J.F Ahern Co. wasnt able to quantify this in a number but the perception is that it does save money. Their process of design and installation gets done sooner, smoother with fewer problems so one would think that cost savings have occurred. They have seen savings in field labor on previous projects with the upfront work done correctly. Other subcontractors and specialty contractors do report savings in regards to BIM. Form the source of Ghafari/Barton Malow subcontractors report BIM savings in these categories: fabrication cost (3%), overall schedule (21%), shop drawing time (14%), installation cost (12%), material cost (11%), field supervision (10%). These are all substantial costs on a project and the argument would be that investing in BIM is worth its costs. Return on Investment Between Project Participants Return on BIM Investment Architects Engineers Contractors Owners Over 100% 5% 4% 10% 11% 50-100% 7% 2% 8% 2% 25-50% 14% 6% 11% 7% 10-25% 19% 11% 27% 34% Less than 10% 13% 22% 17% 16% Break Even 23% 22% 16% 25% Negative 19% 32% 13% 5% Source: ENR: Engineering News Record The above table shows the perceived return on overall BIM investment. The numbers in the table represent the percentage of respondents from the various disciplines of the construction industry. The information in the table was taken from the article Market Study Finds Engineers Get Lowered Return From BIM by Nadine Post. This information shows that contractors and owners benefit the most by using BIM. This is evident with J.F. Ahern Co. that they do save money and generate profits because of BIM. Larger contractors are able to invest more in BIM while medium size and smaller contractors have to make a financial decision based off of the return on investment. According to the market report, The Business Value of BIM issued by ENR showed that nearly 50% of the contractors who responded say BIM utilization increased profits. On another positive note about BIM is that 63% of participants say they see a positive return on BIM investment. Contractors of all disciplines and sizes should inv est in BIM and there are numbers to back it up. Even in the tough economic times contractors are finding ways to gain an advantage over competition. BIM and 3-D modeling is a great way to acquire future work and stay profitable. Its worth the cost to use BIM because even owners see a return on investment. Conclusion Even though the economy and the times have been tough, companies like J.F. Ahern Co. have used innovative strategies to help grow their business. They have seen quantitative benefits to their efforts of introducing strategies such as BIM. The widespread use of programs such as BIM can be seen throughout the construction industry and the results seem to vary. However, companies that are using BIM and using it well seem to be a cut above the rest. Its not easy for companies to begin new and expensive strategies during hard time, but J.F. Ahern Co. have seemed to have made the most of the opportunity. In the end, innovate strategies very well might be the piece of the puzzle that keeps midsized construction companies alive. The economy and construction industry might not see the immediate end to their struggles, however companies that are willing to adapt to new innovate strategies continually place themselves in positions to succeed.

Leaving Belfast

Focused on a conflictive time for Belfast, Andrew Motion tries to express the devastation that Belfast suffered during the economy's decline years and the influence that the political issues had in the society. The narrators sadness for having to leave his beloved city can be felt all over the poem. The poem was published at a very difficult time for Belfast. Conflicts and violence were present in all the streets.On the one hand, manufacturing industries were on a cline and economy was in its worst situation; on the other hand, the city was divided in two parts: the Catholics and the Protestants. The poem introduced us two people going to the airport. One of them has decided to stay In the city, but the other wants to leave It. On the way to the airport, the narrator looks back from the top of the hills of the road and feels nostalgia for leaving the city behind. The author uses lots of descriptions which are representative of the sadness of the narrator, but also of the image that t he city had acquired.As the narrator states, he doesn't leave Belfast because of fear, although the violence of the bombs could make him feel scared; he leave it because he feels like a stranger in his own city and because the political issues are having a tremendous impact in the habitants of the city. In the last part of the poem, the narrators explains what is the thing most annoying for him. His beloved city doesn't seem to be on the way of the change so, unfortunately, he has to leave from Belfast and let it behind. Leaving Belfast Is a 7 stanzas poem consisted of 4 lines In each stanza, what we call a quatrain.The feet analyzed In the poem don't seem to have any relation between them, but we could say that although the position of the stressed syllable doesn't seem to have any concordance, most of them are what we call Rising feet, because in most of the occasions the unstressed syllables happen to appear before the stressed one and not the other way. The poem is a free verse poem; it doesn't respect any regular rhyme scheme as it is written in a narrative way, using the narrative techniques that were widespread in the 20th century, trying to reflect his feelings by he words of a narrator.The first stanza introduces us the main characters, the one staying in Belfast and the one leaving. In the second and the third stanza the narrator, the one staying, tell us about the way they have done leaving Belfast, how he feels doing it and what he see while he Is moving away. In the next stanzas, the narrator builds up a strong feel of devastation referral to Belfast. He shows us a society which Is In decline and under a world of violence. Finally, in the last stanzas, he expresses his feelings in this tuition, feeling like a stranger, and goes ahead with his decision to leave the city.The poem, which at first sight doesn't seem to be very complex, hides lots of stylistic devices that should be mentioned. The devices that appear more regularly are the figurative o nes, which explain something but in an inordinate way. The biggest example could be what we call Imagery. The test is very rich in images of Belfast, as the narrator helps the reader to visualize the way Belfast is decaying and how it is not more a sweet home for him. This can be perceived all along in the poem because he entire poem is highly representative of the Belfast society.There are other type of devices such as Paradox, on the first line of the third stanza, â€Å"geographies of punishment and love†; Personifications, third stanza â€Å"silence deepens under rain† or fifth stanza â€Å"the moon filling rooms with shadow politics†; or also Metaphors, third stanza â€Å"gust of light explains itself as flames† referring to the suns flashes, which are so heavy as flames, or in the last stanza â€Å"until it disappears at last in darkness†¦ † Referring to his Journey, that he has already left Belfast behind.The sound techniques, on the ot her hand, are not so clear. The most representative one could be the use of the stressed words made by the author, which immerse the reader in the Belfast atmosphere. The poem reflects the dramatic situation Belfast was suffering in those days where violence was common in the whole town. The poem has been created by the strong emotions Andrew Motion felt for his country and hometown, because the authors own feelings of the topic are represented everywhere. Those many details allow us to picture the Belfast scene.

Being global in business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2349 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? A Discussion of the dual pressures faced by the MNE’s to think global, act local Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Meshing the Realities to â€Å"Think Globally, and Act Locally† †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦ 5 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Bibliography .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Introduction The Financial Times (1997) refers to an MNE as a company that operates as well as as pires to operate on an international scale and consequently thinks of its sales in terms of shares of the global marketplace rather than on a national or regional basis. Globalization, shareholder interests and competitiveness have created a climate where multinational enterprises (MNE’s) must expand or either be acquired and lose market share. To achieve such ends, they have resorted to attempting to standardize products, operating procedures, selling methodologies and approaches in what Levitt (1983, Pp 92-100) terms as homogenized operations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Being global in business" essay for you Create order Global firms in today’s environment operate as a unified as well as consistent business system utilizing the proven Japanese platforms of just-in-time delivery, quality circles as well as continued improvement, and international corporations as a result have to transcend the considerations of local idiosyncrasies. However, recent experiences have found that said local and regional and national idiosyncrasies are in fact providing the opportunity to distinguish one’s products and firm from the bland me too image and capture the imagination as well as sales of local and national market segments. But, the requirement as well as need for multinational enterprises to â€Å"think global, act local† is not just bound in sales, it also constitutes a need to become a good corporate citizen. The preceding does not mean the sacrificing of profits for public opinion, rather it is a source via which to increase bottom line performance as the offering of services and or pro ducts in multiple markets and countries requires an understanding of the national dynamics, which are its people, customs and values (Watts et al, 2000). The premise for what seemingly is a radical approach is that business is an element of society, thus the two are interdependent (Watts et al, 2000, p. 3). We have arrived at this juncture as a result of the spread and influence of American multi national corporations since the end of World War II (Studer-Noguez, 2001, p. 2). The abuses of MNE power as evidenced by Monsanto, Cargill and Dow in agribusiness in developing countries, to companies such as Exxon, Chevron and other oil companies that undermine alternative energy forms as they drive pollution in the quest for profits are clear examples (Corporate Accountability International, 2005). MNE’s need to expand and increase market share as well as profits in a competitive environment that provides no quarter for the losers. At the same time such a singular vision can ser ve as the blinders that lead to a decrease in the forgoing through abuses, fraud, overbearing tactics and losing touch with the very foundation upon which their enterprises were built, to fill a need. Chakrabarty et al (1996, Pp 123-35) along with Bettis et al (1996, Pp 549-569) expressed, respectively, that how firms distribute, develop as well as deploy their accumulation of knowledge gained from cultural exchanges represent a major factor in the differences in performance and thus the contributing aspects of other organizational competencies and capabilities that define the differences in performance between corporations. European automotive firms such as Mercedes Benz and BMW, as well as Toyota, Honda and Nissan illustrate the foregoing. Contrary to the inwardly bound vision of American automotive forms General Motors and Ford, whose design and engineering focuses were tied to model obsolescence, these foreign automotive companies concentrated on slight model changeovers and quality thus resulting in lowered engineering costs through progression and higher overall quality whereby their vehicles out lasted and performed their American rivals (Studer-Noguez, 2001, Pp 73 97). They adapted their underpowered and under featured vehicles to fit the American preferences while maintaining their core competencies instead of copying the American automotive model and succeeded to the point where American made vehicles no longer dominate in their home market. The foregoing is maintained by Kostiva (1999, Pp 308-324) who states that the transference of organizational practices in a successful manner requires: a degree of distance, in terms of the corporation, between the locale and the headquarters office, a corporate culture that provides a degree of fit between the parent organization and the recipient, the attitude of the company with regard to openness for new ideas, and the dependency level of the subsidiary with respect to the headquarters company Chang (1995, Pp 383-407) adds that the foregoing learning process can potentially enable a company to overcome weaknesses it might have in terms of product or operating competencies and thus strengthen the company to be able to make inroads in markets where it lacked the operational foundation at the onset. The preceding aspects are important internal considerations as well as philosophies that companies must be open to in order to be receptive as well as responsive in meeting the new global dynamics as represented by international competitiveness. The preceding strikes a clear case for the fact that local influences and idiosyncrasies can add dimensions to a firm’s global competencies in product as well as operational and organizational terms. The American model of acquisition and continuing to operate in the manner that was successful in the home market represented poor sales results for General Motors as well as Ford in Europe until they changed their operational minds et (Studer-Noguez, 2001, Pp 73 – 97). The lessons go further than the outer manifestations as represented by product look, changes, adaptations and modifications to fit the demands and dictates of varied markets, it also requires an inward vision. Foreign subsidiaries must be mindful of that fact that corporate social responsibility interacts with the employees and communities in which the company markets and sells its goods or services, and this represents a substantial opportunity to gain valuable expertise as well as new methods of operation. Specifically, conclusions reached as a result of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (Watts et al, 2000, p.4) found that: the recognition of corporate social responsibility as an aspect of human rights, along with employee rights, community, suppliers and environmental concerns, clear benefits are a result of a coherent corporate social responsibility strategy which utilizes integrity, values and a long term involvement, an opportunity for companies to utilize their own codes of conduct and core values along with the introduction and implementation of codes and values as represented by others, and the importance of the company being responsive to the cultural as well as local differences which are inherent in global business and international trade As provided in the examples as outlined for Mercedes-Benz and other European and Japanese vehicle manufacturers, the foregoing corporate social responsibility aspects can and do contribute to bottom line objectives thus presenting a framework that benefits stakeholders, shareholders and the local as well as national community in which the firm operates. Meshing the Realities to â€Å"Think Globally, and Act Locally† The achievement of the maxim of ‘thinking globally and acting locally’ is not a result that will occur of and on its own, it requires that the firm take a proactive stance to encourage and implement methodologies to cause this to happen. Lee (1999, Pp 37-44) states that the approaches to achieving the foregoing can be accomplished through: the utilization of explicit policies and a reward system which encourages the gathering, discussion, modification and utilization of knowledge gained with respect to local and national markets, having flexible corporate policies and systems in place that provide the platform for local adaptations to be received, aired, tried and implemented, policies in the human resource arena that permit as well as encourage the training, placement and utilization of local managers through a system of position and departmental rotations, a culture within the company and organization that is mindful of as well as supports the participation and input of subsidiaries, a communications platform that consists of formal as well as informal information transfer that is open to the sharing and discussion of information, The foregoing can achieve measurable results, thus eliminating the perceived notion that the introduction of socially responsive actions are negative factors in bottom line performance. Salk et al (1996, Pp 877-904) state that the preceding can be measured by the instance in which concepts are acquired in a range of areas, such as new technology applications and expertise, marketing approaches, product development, knowledge of consumer tastes, preferences, management and human resource techniques as well as manufacturing processes. Salk et al (1996, Pp 877-904) indicate that in order for the preceding to occur, the corporate climate has to be open as well as receptive to learning and evaluating, rather than utilizing a tunnel vision approach that the way things have been done are or is the way things should be done. The preceding is a variant of what Schon et al (1996, Pp 121-145) refer to as single loop learning, whereby a company continues to utilize existing routines and knowle dge as well as structures. Levinthal et al (1990, Pp 128-152) point out that the preceding is detrimental in that it does not provide for or contribute to increased or enhanced learning within the organization, and thus renewal or re-examination. Ghoshal et al (1998, Pp 464-476) indicate that the preceding can be enhanced through the establishment of social networks which help to provide for a smooth transition as well as exchange of new knowledge and information within an organization. Globalisation has the tendency to blur the vision of a corporation to the importance of the individual markets and their local customs, cultures and contributions as a part of the bigger picture. The fact remains that multinational enterprises have to remember that they are a product of their home culture and as such must resist exporting this as a commodity that does not blend, adapt and modify itself based upon the realities of the global stage. The notion that multinationals need to act and res emble their home country based upon reasons ranging from brand or consistency has some validity, but not at the expense of forcing these values upon foreign operations and locations. As the success of various corporations captures the consciousness of the business world, the tendency to emulate their practices is a natural outgrowth (Morris, 1995, Pp 25-42). Corporations in the United States, Europe and Asia need to be aware and mindful that their dominance in terms of their percentage of world trade tends to make them compete on regional terms bringing with it the attitude that their views and approaches represent the edge that contributes to their successes. The emergence of the huge trading blocks represented by the United States – Mexico and Canada, the European Union and Asia – China is causing global trade to develop a more regionalized view in terms of expansion as firms within these blocks seek to capitalize on the inherent opportunities that exist in close pro ximity to their home operations (Verbeke et al, 2004, Pp 3-18). Conclusion The continually shifting fortunes of international trade, forces multinational enterprises to define and redefine themselves in keeping with the dictates and demands of seeking and maintaining a competitive edge. This global view is an inherent aspect of maintaining growth in keeping with the demands of shareholder and corporate objectives. However, as shown by the examples of the American automotive companies, General Motors and Ford, a limited perspective with regard to world markets and thinking globally can leave a company without the understanding or knowledge of what is occurring in national and local markets that are imperative in capturing the minds of prospective consumers. By tapping into this cultural foundation companies stand to benefit from an increased understanding of what consumers want in their own local and national worlds, which differs from a global vision. Thinking globally and acting locally is not a trend, fad or phase that represents a new philosophy, it is a strategic initiative that is based in the realities of the demands and dictates that different markets demand customized approaches that can only be gained via corporate structures and process organized to recognized, evaluate and accept them. The processes of bottom line, growth and market share are not at odds with local dictates, consumer preferences and corporate social responsibilities, in fact they are integral aspects of the process of being a global company. Perhaps David Lilienthal’s (1985) definition provides the clearest insight â€Å"†¦ corporations which have their home in one country but operate and live under the laws and customs of other countries as well†. The operative thought in Lilienthal’s (1985) definition is â€Å"†¦ laws and customs of other countries as well†. It provides a clear perspective for ‘thinking globally and acting local ly’! Bibliography Bettis, R., Lei, D., Hitt, M. (1996) Dynamic Core Competencies Through Meta-Learning and Strategic Context. Vol. 22, Issue 4. Journal of Management Chakrabarty, A., Bierly, P. (1996) Generic Knowledge Strategies in the U.S. Vol. 17. Strategic Management Journal Chang, S. (1995) International Expansion Strategy of Japanese Firms. Vol. 38. 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