Similarities Between Dadaism And Internet Art - 1172 Words

Art, quite simply, is a social force. It reflects on the feelings of people in society, whether individually or as a whole. Usually art that vents the feelings of the artist occur around times or events that evoke emotions powerful enough to provide a muse for artwork. Some art styles, such as Dadaism and Internet Art, can directly tie their absurdist means to what was happening in that time. But do the time periods in which those art styles were popular relate to the meaning behind the art? The similarities between Dadaism and Internet/Postinternet art show the state of disarray and lack of hope for the future that millennials have revived. Dadaism Dadaism is an art style defined as â€Å"a form of artistic anarchy born out of disgust for the social, political, and cultural values of the time.† (Artyfactory). Pieces made in this style went against almost all of the previously written rules of art, which earned it the title of ‘anti-art’. Dada was presented in many ways, the most well-known being collages made on paper [Fig 1]. Another popular presentation was photography, which was a relatively new concept at the time. These photographs turned ordinary things into art by showcasing the abstractness of ordinary things as seen through a lens. One of the most well-known examples of Dada photography is Fountaine by Marcel Duchamp [Fig. 2]. Technology was also a new concept that Dada-creating artists used to their advantage. Film and radio broadcasting were used as mediums, oneShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Dadaism And Internet Art1167 Words   |  5 PagesArt, quite simply, is a social force. It reflects on the feelings of people in society, whether individually or as a whole. Usually art that vents the feelings of the artist occur around times or events that evoke emotions powerful enough to provide a muse for artwork. Some art styles, such as Dadaism and Internet Art, can directly tie their absurdist means to what was happening in that time. But do the time periods in which those art styles were popular relate to the meaning behind the art? The

Lifestyle Choices and Our Health Free Essays

As days go by, almost everyone living today gets involved in activities that make us either healthy or unhealthy. Continuing to engage in some habits day in and day out can take a substantial amount of time off of one’s life. Some of these habits can have a positive impact on one’s health system, being it physical or mental, while others can affect one’s health system negatively. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifestyle Choices and Our Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper, I will be writing on how our daily habits can affect our mental and physical health negatively. First of all, mechanization and heavy dependence on technology is one of the common ways, probably for all humans, which has a negative effect on the human health system. We rarely give a second thought when we turn on a microwave or turn on the television as we sit down for dinner. These common practices are commonly seen in most families. If I may ask, is it a good practice? I asked one of my instructors at school who made it clear to me that, these families don’t just consume electricity, but also have many adverse effects on their physical and mental health. If you find yourself eating and watching television at the same time, the rate at which you consume is greater which at some point in time becomes very difficult to go to bed at night. And as many of us know, improper sleeping habits cause results in many of our health problems. Secondly, failure to exercise is also another problem many of us face today. Physical activities are absolutely necessary to our overall health. And because our physical and mental health is so interconnected, they affect one another directly. When our physical health deteriorates, our mental health does the same. Our mood and our brain’s mental capabilities are therefore affected by lack of exercise. Regular exercising which helps to maintain and build muscles, and also fight against diseases is very necessary for every human and should be practiced continuously. Thirdly, smoking has also been known to be one of the dangers which affect the human health negatively. Very few people are unaware of the dangers of smoking. Yet surprisingly, many are engaged in this deadly habit. Infertility, low birth weight, sudden infant birth and many more, are some examples of the negative effects that one is likely to contact if he or she has a habit of smoking. Those who quit smoking see changes almost immediately and it also helps them live longer. In conclusion, many of our daily activities can cause our death prematurely. Many of those who don’t die prematurely have a very bad health system which makes them almost uncomfortable every day. I therefore advise everyone to get involved in activities that help to improve one’s physical and mental abilities positively. How to cite Lifestyle Choices and Our Health, Papers

Buydstyle Online Ordering System free essay sample

CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. 1 Scope and Limitation The proposed system for BUYDSTYLE Online Shop is an integration of various key functions existing in any business system, including: sales; registration and ordering; pricing; and inventory operations, in one web-based and automated structure. Through its web-based interface, consumers are being presented with complete details of the variety of items to choose from and buy: from prices to sizes; and from colors to themes. Due to time constraint, the system has not been able to be designed to produce avatar aides for consumer fittings; instead, images of scaled product sizes are presented. Online registration of consumers ensures real time documentation of essential data needed about the customers and the seller. This serves as security for the transacting parties by setting up the maximum amount of items per customer and holding of personal data to back up transactions. The cart system is also incorporated in the ordering operation to organize the sales, pricing, and billing processes. The system, however, does not cover the confirmation of orders and delivery notifications as these will be handled through manual sending of emails, a process that is much effective with varying orders from different customers. Report Generation is limited to the system’s capability to account items still on hand or sold aiding the timely replenishment of stocks. The decision on which and how much of a particular item should be restocked depends on the seller’s discretion and manual actions. Thus, future development of this system may consider concentrating in inventory reorder area. Unlike Facebook and Multiply, which have already gained popularity and have enticed more potential consumers to visit profile turned online shops, BUYDSTYLE Online Shop system has to rely still on rigid efforts to advertise its products. CHAPTER 2 SOFTWARE PROJECT PROPOSAL 2. 1 Company Background BuyDStyle is clothing and accessories business owned by Abigail Sacdalan founded in 2008. Ms. Sacdalan started merely ordering clothes online for herself but not long after she decided ordering more for sale; the business was primarily referenced to Goth style but latterly spawned to other variety styles as her customers’ range expanded in number. The BuyDStyle products were advertised online, specifically posted in accounts on social networks such as Facebook and Multiply, they are ordered abroad and then shipped in the Philippines to sell. 2. 2 System Background BuyDStyle uses a manual system. In order to get supplies the owner fills up a form given by the supplier and with it the products are shipped to her afterwards, for products’ update the supplier informs her of any new product via email. When Ms. Sacdalan receives the products she shots a photo of each of them and uploads them to either Facebook or Multiply account for advertisement. When a customer orders she redirects them to a form in BuyDStyle’s Multiply account which the customer will fill out. After submission, the payment and order-release transaction takes place via e-mail updates and text messaging. She keeps records of customers in a notebook and in her inbox; for their contact numbers she keeps the in her cellular phone’s phonebook. As for the inventory, she keeps records of her order in another notebook also and keeps the forms given back by the supplier which she has filled out during the ordering process after submitting it to them. Customers’ who doesn’t respond to her updates on text messages and e-mails are removed from her records after numerous attempts. Payment methods are made through Globe GCash, bank deposit (BPI), COD (meet-up), Money Transfer (Western Union, LBC Pera Padala). While the order/s release are performed through either meeting-up on a specified location or delivery (JRS Express, AIR21 and LBS Express). 2. 3 Statement of the Problem BuyDStyle’s current system is manual and the owner is using social networking sites to advertise the product for sale, stating these problems occur as that: †¢SAVING AND MAINTAINING CUSTOMER’S DATA Since the current system of Buy d Style doesn’t have its own database, retrieving and saving records became difficult resulting to redundant process of customers submitting their information every time they will order an item. MANUAL PLACING OF ORDERS FOR CUSTOMERS With the entity’s current system, customers must remember or take note of the information (i. e. Product Name or Item Code) of the product they will purchase for the purpose of placing their orders which is done by filling up an order form that will contain their information and the information of the product they want to purchas e. †¢MANUAL STOCKS INVENTORY In the current system the owner manually check and change the number of stocks she has for the items she is selling every time a purchase or transaction is done. †¢MANUAL SALES REPORT The owner of Buy d Style, with its current system, manually creates and computes the transactions done in her business for her weekly sales report. 2. 4 Objectives The proponents aim to computerize BuyDStyle’s current manual system and also to make it online, in detail it is aimed to: †¢MAKE SAVING AND RETRIEVING OF CUSTOMER’S INFORMATION EASIER THROUGH THE USE OF DATABASE. With the proposed Online Ordering System for Buy d Style, customers will be ask to sign-up and fill up needed information only once, and will just have to log-in every time they will order items. PROVIDE CART SYSTEM FOR THE PURCHASES OF THE CUSTOMERS Buy d Style Online Shop will provide a virtual cart that will hold the items that the customers pick from the catalog and show a provisional total cost of the item he/she have in his/her cart. But at the same time, allowing still the customers to remove, add or change those items as long as he/she is not submitting the orders yet. †¢COMPUTERIZE D UPDATING OF STOCKS INVENTORY With the use of database for managing the entity’s product, the proposed system will automatically update the number of stock left for every item every time a successful transaction is made. ENSURE AN ACCURATE SALES INVENTORY AND SALES EVALUATION THROUGH REPORT GENERATION Through computerized sales report generation, accuracy of the said report which is important in a business will be guarantee. CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Fact Finding Techniques 3. 1. 2 Interview One of the proponents interviewed the owner of BuyDStyle, the following are the transcribed questions and answers during the interview. Note that this transcription is shorter than the actual interview for some parts have already been included in a former chapter. Q1: Your business has been up for 3 years and still running, having chosen Facebook and Multiply as your â€Å"virtual store†, what made you stick to using them? A: Since I’m an I. T. student, access to the Internet is easy for me. I can manage the two accounts without hustle and, of course, we all know that at present most people spend more time† tuning† on social networking sites, specifically Facebook and Multiply, than watching TV, so with that my sales advertisement gets good with that. Q2: Do you have any sales strategy? How about dilemmas related to it? A: I do, I always think of designs for the customers to get varieties. So they won’t be just plain but eye-catching. Lack on product stocks are often the problem since I’ve got a lot of buyers. Q3: In your existing manual system, how do you keep track of order records and even your customer/s information? A: I submit a form they gave to me for ordering, when they give it back I keep them, meron din akong notebook kung sa’n sinusulat ko din dun yung inventory and orders that I had. As for my customers’ information I also keep them on a notebook and saves the form they’ve filled up upon their first order. Q4: For the proposed online shop system, do you have any required functionalities or anything? A: I think I don’t have any, as long as it’s user-friendly and the interface to be attractive at least. 3. 1. 2 Document Review Based on the interview and analysis this online ordering shop is needed for a better sales advertisement and inventory. The owner of BuyDStyle Online Shop is using social networking sites to meet the stated necessities; there is no existing computerized system, only manual –such as manual inventory nd sending of transactions information. To create the system, the proponents will be using the programming languages of Visual Studio 2008 Professional for the coding of interface and system structure, and MySQL for database purposes. In addition, the Linear Model (Waterfall) is being used as a guide for the proposed system, furthermore, the system will not only be composed of modules pertaining to the online shop that has catalogs but also of the mo dule on inventory and report generation which is solely for the owner’s use. 3. Description of the Current System BuyDStyle Online Shop only advertises its products through social networking sites and manages no existing computerized system. Manual computation, inventory and sales’ transaction is the system being used by the owner. 3. 3Summarization of the Major Processes As stated above the entity neither owns nor uses any computerized system but only manual, thus, division of major processes is non-existent to such type of system. 3. 4 Graphical Representation of the Current System Figure 3. 1 DFD of the Existing System The figure above illustrates the manual system that the owner of BuyDStyle Online Shop has, it includes the transaction of sales ordering through the social networking sites of either Facebook or multiply and the delivery transaction via e-mail. 3. 5 Control and Responsibility There are no existing departments involved in the manual system since it is manual and the owner is the sole operator of the business. 3. 6 Problems under the Current System 1. ADVERTISING INTERRUPTIONS As we all know Facebook and Multiply is created primarily for social networking or social communication and not for selling products. We have to remember that most people who visit social networks are there for personal reasons and for leisure. Most are not enticed to buy products. Facebook entrepreneurs must know when not to invade too much personal space of other members. 2. CUSTOMERS’ DOUBTS AND FEARS Since anyone can create accounts on social networking sites so easily (and as many accounts as they want), threats of bogus sellers will not be good in winning the customers’ trust. It would look risky for them to commit on such deal since there will be money involved. . SHOP’S ACCOUNT PAGE CUSTOMIZATION As much as the sellers want to come up with a unique and eye-catching web pages for their online store, either Multiply and Facebook only has a uniform, if not minimal, profile design and/or modification. Design and personalizing one’s page would not solely stand-out with a lot of other Facebook members and sellers on site compared to owned hosted sites. 4. WEBPAGE OWNERSHIP Since the so cial networking sites are not of the owner’s, the online shop is at possible risk of being shut down anytime. . DATABASE ISSUE The BuyDStyle Online Shop owner does not have full control of a database which is an essential for a business owner since social networking sites are what is used, thus, limited publishing of sales’ advertisement and the likes. Furthermore, †¢Both Facebook and Multiply donot provide databases for business people going for business transaction using their sites. Sellers must create their own separate databases (if knowledgeable in creating one) but still have to input all their transaction details manually. Since there is no computerized database to monitor and generate inventory of the products, it will be another job for the seller to manually do it from time to time and the accuracy is not at all time reliable. †¢Without a computerized database, keeping track of customer records would be difficult specifically when the owner has a l ot of patrons. 6. PRODUCT PRESENTATION Both Multiply and Facebook seller’s only have one way of presenting their products which is through posting photo samples on photo albums. There are times that sellers tend to have lots of albums in their online store with no proper categories at all. Making it time consuming for customers to browse all of it just to find a good item for them. 7. POSSIBILITY OF THE OWNER’S OR SHOP’S ACCOUNT TO BE HACKED Social networking sites like Multiply and Facebook are usually one of the targets of any hackers in stealing accounts. This is why the possibility for the owner’s account to be hacked is another of the big threats. 3. 7 Company Requirements for the New System The proposed system was designed accordingly to what the company wants for it. It has different functionalities that support the capacity and the ability of the system to perform specific tasks. Here are some of the requirements for the system that are needed for its implementation: ? Cart System ?Report Generator †¢Weekly Sales Report (has a ready-to-print form) ?Database †¢Customer’s Data †¢Summary of Product being purchased ?Separate Log-in of Admin and the User itself ?User-friendly interface As for the company’s requirements for the system, the interface being appealing to any visitor on the site and user-friendly navigation controls that would be easy to use is the fore concerns. CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM DESIGN DOCUMENTATION 4. 1 Preface BuyDStyle had no existing computerized system thus, this Online Ordering Shop was decided to be created so to generally help the beneficiary gain a wider access to a larger range of customers, the owner of the entity is currently using social networking sites for getting the products’ advertised online but such method presented limitations as to a full control of the entities account on social networking sites. This Online Ordering System of BuyDStyle does not only have the aim of helping the owner gain a wider access to a large range of customers but also to make the entity’s management of online account convenient. 4. 2 Description of the Proposed System The proposed BuyDstyle online shopping system has two modules, one for the customer and the other for the administrator. The customer/s’ is viewed and used via Internet, free registration and login are needed to be able to order products from the business. Catalogues for products’ viewing and choosing are included in it also the cart system to make ordering online much easier and convenient. As for the administrator’s part, management of stocks (addition and editing) are featured in the proposed system along with the viewing of pending orders and editing of registered customer/s’ information in any case of changes in it. The administrator’s module includes viewing of a weekly summary of sales report that is ready for printing as well. The proposed system is expected to aid the problems of the business’ existing manual system with its automatic generation of sales reports, easy inventory, its being online based and convenient stocks’ management.

Social Media Crises

Introduction Social medial crises are on the rise in the recent past. The crises have impacted negatively on corporate public relation activities which call for a focus on how best the company can protect itself from the consequences (Owyang, 2011). A case to note as an example involves Nestle Company which recently was confronted by a public relation issues from its activities in the social media (Fantis, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Crises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nestle posted a comment on its facebook wall in relation to the usage of its logo by its fans. In this post that seemed innocent, the company requested its fan not to use the company’s logo that had been altered, on their profile pictures. Failure to adhere to this would have led to the deletion of the comments posted by the fans. This was followed by the reaction by a fan who sought to stop the company from dicta ting on what they wished to do. However the company reacted by claiming their ownership of the intellectual property and gave the fan the choice to leave the fan page if he so desired insisting that the rule they set must be followed. The responses by Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s facebook public relations staffs to comments posted by fans on their wall either expressed sarcasm or antagonism. This created negative feelings in some of their customers some of whom decided to keep away from the company’s products. Here the company failed to see the positive side of alteration of the company logo and instead took it as an intellectual property robbery (Broida, 2010). The main public relations problem arose from the company responses which went against the public relations principle on customers’ insult by the company. This was also against one of their principles which sought to portray the company as customer minded with its success underpinned on professionalism, good conduct and m anagement and employees’ responsible attitude. These aside Nestle also was on the spot light for sourcing Sinar Mas palm oil used for various products like kit Kat. The source of problem here arose from the amount of emissions of carbon dioxide gas which had negative effects on humans and animals alike. This was followed by the upload of a video clip by Greenpeace in the internet which was supposed to be an international campaign against nestle (Fantis, 2010). In this case as before, the company’s public relations team failed to respond to the crisis in the right way. Instead of trying to save its reputation in the face of crisis, the company contacted Google with a request to remove the video clip.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effect of the social media on this campaign was to spread this clip widely within a short period of time. Various social media networks such as twitter, facebook among others posted this video clip and the reaction by many was to keep off from buying Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s products. The crisis by Nestle is just an example to point at, a piece of an iceberg (Broida, 2010). Social media has been a great force which has brought both success and great challenges to corporate world in relation to public relations activities. Literature Review The introduction of social network sites such as facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Cyworld among others has attracted users in terms of millions most of whom use the sites on daily basis. Most of these networks allow users to share matters of common interest such as sports, politics and other issues and views. According to Boyd and Ellison (2007), social network is defined as a service based on the web site that allows an individual to construct a profile which can either be public or semi public. The site also allows articulation of other users who share a common value, and also al lows the user to go through the list of connections of their own and those created by other users within the same network (Boyd, 2008). Apart from enabling users to meet strangers, these social networks also allow users to articulate their minds through the network. Though different social networks differ in technical features employed, they have some common features such as Friend’s list, profile photo among others. The sites also help the user to develop a profile by answering a questionnaire generated by the system (Donath and Boyd, 2004). The visibility of these profiles differs from social site to the other and also depending on the preferences of the user. The sites also prompt the user to find friends or followers to form a communication relationship with them. They are also developed with a mechanism that allows users to post comments on others profiles and also to share their views on various issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Crises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 2003, the social sites have experienced exponential growth attracting both corporate and individual users locally and globally. These social sites have enabled users to create representation of self online (Boyd, 2008). The accuracy of these representations of self varies from users to users. Some users fail to provide true representation and instead prefer to use fake representation. There are also issues of self representation in relation to the articulation of friendship in the social network as noted by Boyd and Ellison. Social network sites provide a rich source of information to companies which can help in market research. They provide information on the behavior of users and possible indicators of their preferences. This helps a company a great deal in research and development and also to market the product and the company through these social network sites. However the sites prese nt a challenge to companies in relation to the public relation activities. This arises from the speed at which a comment can be relayed across the network. Therefore, reputation of the company can easily be damaged before they have a chance to control the problem, if unfavourable information about the company leaks in the social network media. Methodology Social media crises can be explained from the view point of Goffman’s concepts. According to him, the reaction of the self to social regulation is based on unfocussed and focused interaction. Therefore, the agreement between individuals on a single visual attention and cognitive focus leads to focused interaction (Goffman, 1959). On the other hand, communication between people as a result of an individual being in the presence of another results in the unfocused interaction. The interactions always occur during encounters which can either be face to face or the interaction of a group with a given attribute. The basic methods employed include fronts, idealization, and dramatic realization among others. The frontal approach is vital for a face to face interaction. In this case an individual uses his appearance, physical settings and expressive items. The individual is confronted by a choice of predefined set which are finite, or meet the consequences of an improper front considered insulting to the observer (Goffman, 1959).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Front includes aspects such as face which involves the struggle by an individual to maintain a given identity in a social settings, and region behavior based on defined regions by the perceptions. Dramatic realization involves the use of gestures by an individual to obscure facts and to link two actions one of which is not as conspicuous as the other with the aim of making them appear as one. On the other hand idealization expresses themselves in roles that have what is accepted as a social value. In this concept, a person creates a reality alternate to the existing one which forces others to see only the end product instead of showing evidence of undesirable action that is used to have the work done (Goffman, 1967). In case of misrepresentation, an individual looks for signs of contradictions which can be used to build the case against the party considered as insincere. This probably is what led to the crises experienced by Nestle since their principles were inconsistent with their actions and those of its employees. The concept of mystification explains the tendency of an individual to avoid areas likely to expose his flaws. In other words there is always an effort by an individual to hide his flaws. Other concepts include the reality concept which explains the behavior of individuals to portray themselves as sincere and honest, irrelevance rules and transformation rules. Analysis Social media crises can be explained through Goffman’s concepts. The front concept guides an individual to choose between what is considered right and the consequences of not doing this. Media crises in most cases has resulted due the ignorance of corporate bodies to consider this social value which give rise to conflict between corporate bodies and the society (Goffman, 1959). The screenshot below is an example of the consequences of Nestle Company’s failure choose front acceptable to the society. Another source of social media crises arise when audience perceive a company as not being sincere. The can be detected by individuals from activities of the corporate body on its social site which may be inconsistent with its actions in the physical world (Goffman, 1967). An example to point at is that of Nestle Company whose principle on professionalism of its employees was inconsistent with their actions which created a public relation issues exemplified below. Social network crises can arise also when an organization tries its hide its flaws. This creates a problem when individuals realizes. The leakage of such information into the social media is always followed by fast transmission from one social media network user to the other therefore giving a company a challenge which sometimes may lead to the destruction of the company’s reputation. Conclusion Social media presents opportunities and threats to companies. The major challenge however involves public relations managements of the company’s affairs in the social media. To manage social media, a company should employ people with high level of professionalism to man their social media profile. The company should also try as much as possible to provide accurate information. To counter negative information about the company in the social media, the company should be as honest as possible. References Boyd, D. and Ellison, N., B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 13(1), article 11. Boyd,D. (2008). Why youth (heart) social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (Ed.), Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Broida, R. (2010). Nestle’s Facebook Page: How a Company Really Screw up Social Media. Web. Donath, J., Boyd, D. (2004). Public displays of connection. BT Technology Journal, 22(4), 71-82. Fantis, S. (2010). It’s a Social Media Crisis- Epic Failure for ‘killer’ Nestle? Web. Goffman, E. (1 959). Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: DoubleDay Anchors. Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction Rituals. New York: Pantheon Books. Owyang, J. (2011). A Chronological of Brands that Got Punk’d by Social Media. Web. This essay on Social Media Crises was written and submitted by user Hindsight Lad to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Family ties in William wells browns clotel Essay Example

Family ties in William wells browns clotel Essay Example Family ties in William wells browns clotel Paper Family ties in William wells browns clotel Paper Essay Topic: Woman of Colour Novel Family Ties in William Wells Browns Clotel, or, the Presidents Daughter It is now customary to see Toni Morrison being awarded with a Nobel Prize for fiction and hear literary critics saying that the mainstream of world literature has moved to the suburbs of the world, specifically to African and Arabic countries. Furthermore, strong Afro-American presence on the U. S. literary arena is currently an acknowledged fact. In this regard, William Wells Brown (1815-1884) remains an indicative figure in American literature. He is the author of the first African American written novel Clotel (Brown, 6). William Wells Brown was also the first African American to publish a novel, a play, a travel book, a military study of his people, and a study of black sociology (Internet). Brown had himself escaped slavery in Kentucky and therefore devoted his life to the idea of abolition of slavery, making passionate speeches for the reformation of the society. In 1849, the writer participated in World Peace Congress as a delegate. Later Brown became engaged in the temperance movement. Clotel, or, the Presidents Daughter was published in England in 1853. The book became notorious for the unconfirmed rumors regarding Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings; at the time of its publication Brown was still regarded as a slave (Brown, 6). The novel shows the life of women under the yoke of slavery. To be more specific, Brown explores the effect of slavery on the American family, especially in mixed marriage, which produces mulattos and quadroons. The protagonists of the novel represent three generations of African American women. : The female personages Isabella and Clotel, as the literary critics claim, embody the popular tragic octoroon stereotype (Brown, 6). Family is the smallest indivisible unit of any society. It exists regardless of political collisions and economic breakdowns. However, the latter factors have a multi-faceted influence on family. Browns novel vividly shows that racial discrimination destroys the foundation of the U. S. family and has a pernicious impact on the next generations of mixed blood. As the writer uneasily notes, there is a fearful increase of half whites, most of whose fathers are slave-owners and their mothers slaves. Society does not frown upon the man who sits with his mulatto child upon his knee, whilst its mother stands a slave behind his chair (Brown, 44). This status quo contradicts the very essence of family, which is supposed to unite people into a harmonious whole. A fearful increase of half-whites does not mean the acceptance of the African race into the American society. Conversely, it implies that as black people are considered inferior, white men are allowed to engage into a connection with their female African slaves without any of the obligations that the marriage presupposes. On the one hand, it destroys the white families, for adultery has never been a family-strengthening factor, even if it is committed with an inferior slave woman, who may not even hope for marriage. On the other hand, it delivers black women of the social guarantees that the matrimony provides. Moreover, in fact it means that the black people are not allowed to build up families, especially with white Americans. The protagonist of the novel is the quadroon girl that gave her name for the book Clotel. She is married to Horatio, a young slave owner in a marriage sanctioned by heaven, although unrecognized on earth (Brown, 39). The home of the family couple is a relative home. Due to the fact that a non-white woman may not live in the mansion of the white slave owner, Clotel lives in a separate cottage. Horatio spends his day away from home and away from Clotel, in a world, to which she is not allowed. Gradually, the edicts of society had built up a wall of separation between the quadroon and them [Horatio and his friends] (Brown, 40). Family should be founded on understanding. The abyss between Clotel and Horatio is increasing every day. Clotel does not understand Horatios life outside the home, as she is not allowed there. In turn, Horatio feels superior to the quadroon. Hence, as in this society, white citizens are more equal than their black and semi-white counterparts. He becomes interested in politics and fancies the blond Gertrude, the daughter of an influential and wealthy politician. The man is looking for some variety in love, which would be impossible, if his wife was not considered to be inferior. The family of Clotel and Horatio is destroying due to misunderstanding. Clotel has a daughter who is lucky to be almost white. However, her social status is still uncertain. In the 19-th century America being black, mulatto or quadroon is a criminal offence, and thus Clotel is asking Horatio to remove to France or England, where both her [sic] and her child would be free, and where colour was not a crime (Brown, 40). Vertical and horizontal family ties are also corrupted due to slavery. Clotel is pleading her husband to buy out her mother and sister. Finally, the protagonist, Clotel, is sold to Mr. French in Vicksburgh, which ends her attempts to maintain a family with Horatio. To conclude, Brown condemns slavery by showing its destructive effect on the family in all of its representations: marriage, home, children, and the ties between parents and the next generation. Clotel lives apart from her husband; she is not sure if she is in the favorable future of her daughter or the whereabouts of her mother and sister. Furthermore, Horatio starts putting the premium on his political ambitions and fancies another woman. This disintegration of the family ties occurs due to slavery, which imprisons Clotel and makes her inferior to white people. Brown chooses a literary, personalized form of showing the inhumanity of this racial discrimination, and the need of emancipation from slavery. References Brown, William Wells. Clotel, or the Presidents Daughter, New York: Vintage Books, 1990. Internet. Chapter 3: Early Nineteenth Century: William Wells Brown (1814-1884). 27 July 2005. csustan. edu/english/reuben/pal/chap3/brown. html.

Mary Street Short Analysis

* The first stanza depicts the habitual routine of Skrzynecki’s family, as indicated by the use of the phrase â€Å"Each morning† in the third line. This helps evoke a clear sense of normal practice and routine in the lives of the Skrzynecki family. Additionally through the use of industrial imagery; â€Å"rusty bucket†, â€Å"bridge†, â€Å"factory† the audience can see a sense of comfort and connection to their humble surrounds. * The second stanza presents the strong connection that Peter’s parents share with their garden. But while Skrzynecki’s parents take fulfilment in nurturing and fostering the garden (Tended roses and camellias/ Like adopted children), Skrzynecki himself didn’t hold the same values as his parents (I’d ravage the backyard garden/ Like a hungry bird). This contrasting use of simile accurately depicts the sort of cultural background Skrzynecki feels he doesn’t belong to. * The third stanza discusses the connection to the 10 Mary Street address that his family holds. The use of personification in the first line; â€Å"The house stands† highlights the human value of the house and establishes a strong sense of belonging to the house. Additionally, the use of Cumulative listing lines in 13-17 helps to reinforce the family’s strong connection to their European heritage. The final stanza presents a contrasting view of belonging whereby Peter feels his family â€Å"became citizens of the soil/ That was feeding us† and indicates a sense of comfort and acceptance of the Australian way of life. The last 3 lines: â€Å"Inheritors of a key/ That’ll open no house/ When this one is pulled down. † Re-establishes what the house symbolised for them and the notion that the sort of connection 10 Mary Street h ad to their new lives in Australia will be a challenge to recreate. !0 Mary Street Short Analysis * The first stanza depicts the habitual routine of Skrzynecki’s family, as indicated by the use of the phrase â€Å"Each morning† in the third line. This helps evoke a clear sense of normal practice and routine in the lives of the Skrzynecki family. Additionally through the use of industrial imagery; â€Å"rusty bucket†, â€Å"bridge†, â€Å"factory† the audience can see a sense of comfort and connection to their humble surrounds. * The second stanza presents the strong connection that Peter’s parents share with their garden. But while Skrzynecki’s parents take fulfilment in nurturing and fostering the garden (Tended roses and camellias/ Like adopted children), Skrzynecki himself didn’t hold the same values as his parents (I’d ravage the backyard garden/ Like a hungry bird). This contrasting use of simile accurately depicts the sort of cultural background Skrzynecki feels he doesn’t belong to. * The third stanza discusses the connection to the 10 Mary Street address that his family holds. The use of personification in the first line; â€Å"The house stands† highlights the human value of the house and establishes a strong sense of belonging to the house. Additionally, the use of Cumulative listing lines in 13-17 helps to reinforce the family’s strong connection to their European heritage. The final stanza presents a contrasting view of belonging whereby Peter feels his family â€Å"became citizens of the soil/ That was feeding us† and indicates a sense of comfort and acceptance of the Australian way of life. The last 3 lines: â€Å"Inheritors of a key/ That’ll open no house/ When this one is pulled down. † Re-establishes what the house symbolised for them and the notion that the sort of connection 10 Mary Street h ad to their new lives in Australia will be a challenge to recreate.

Bills of Exchange's Rules In Saudi Arabia Essay

Bills of Exchange's Rules In Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The first law is referred to as the Commercial Court Law, which is popularly referred to as Commercial Court Law. The other law is referred to as Commercial Court Law while the other is the Negotiable Instrument Law. It is worth noting that majority of the provision inherent in these regulations are heavily inspired by sharia laws. The commercial law has a defines critical elements that a document must contain in order to qualify as a bill of exchange. According to Article 1 of the commercial paper law, a bill of exchange must have the word bill written on the face value of the document. The other critical element that must be present in the document, according to Commercial Papers Law is an unconditional order that requires payment of a specific amount. Middle East Economic Digest Conferences (2004) says that the document should also contain the name of the drawer and the drawer. More importantly, it is critical that, there is also place and date creating the bill of payment. Finall y, the drawer must also append his/her signature to the bill to make it valid. Article 2 of the Commercial Papers law further reiterates that when any of the elements in Article are missing then the document seizes to be a bill. The Commercial Papers Law is very comprehensive in that it leaves no hitch that fraudster can capitalize on. Fraudsters are very smart, and they are always on the lookout for gaps that they can use to defraud unsuspecting people. Article 5 of the law is very effective in blocking out potential fraudsters from conducting fraud on transactions involving the bill of exchange. This article expressly states that whenever there is a discrepancy between the amount written in words and the amount written in figures, the amount written in word prevails. The justification of such a move is that amounts written in words are not easy to alter as compared to that mount written in word 12 (Middle East Economic Digest Conferences, 2004).  

Special Education and Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Special Education and Needs - Essay Example (Florian 2006).These children need special attention and care and that is why special education is needed. The quality of educating special children should improve. Inclusive education is not made compulsory in all the countries. Inclusive education is modifying the existing system to suit the needs of these special children. The government should take measures to provide proper education and other facilities to the special children. Though there is an increase in the number of schools, the people selecting these schools are still less. Most of the disabled children are not enrolled in any of the schools and they feel they are different from others. Educational institutions all over the world are trying hard to provide the necessary facilities for the disabled children. Government should provide the resources required to manage the special children. Inclusion helps in providing the essential opportunities to all students. It helps in increasing the involvement of students in all types of activities. The existing government and their policies on special education and inclusion are better than how it was before. But this is not sufficient, as disabled people find it difficult to mingle with the normal people. Although there are several institutions that help these children and include them, this has to be increased. In countries like U.K and America, where the number of service organizations are limited, it becomes difficult for the parents to manage such children. More service organizations should be established and they should take the initiative to help these children. Government must organize all this and make sure the special education is provided to everybody without any discrimination. Inclusion is done to enable all students including the disabled to participate in all activities. They should not be separated from others; doing so will spoil the child's mind. America When compared to other countries, America has the major number of schools that educate students with disabilities. The number of students in the special education is rapidly increasing, which in turn leads to the increase in the special education schools. Generally it is difficult to make out the student who has disability from the normal students, as not all of the disabled people will be severe. American education system is being inclusive as it includes people with all sorts of disability. (Mitchell 2005).Disabled students will not be able to perform well when compared to the other students. Hence special care should be taken to make them excel in the academics. Most of the special children pursue their high school, where as there is a decline in the disabled students completing the high school. Once they complete their education, most of them try and engage in any employment and some continue their higher education. This information was revealed by a recent survey conducted in Am erica. America is definitely growing at a fast pace in improving the special education institutions. As seen in the survey report, America is better than the other countries in terms of the inclusion and education for all. There are so many schools that concentrate on educating these special and disabled children. To enhance the existing education system, the schools should be made aware of the disabilities and special children. The teachers and the faculties must have knowledge about the problems and how to help them in continuing their education. New strategies can be adapted

Benefits of fruits Essay Example for Free

Benefits of fruits Essay ACAI BERRIES Acai is rich in antioxidants such as Vitamin C and polyphenols. It contains ample amount ofiron, calcium and vitamin A. Acai has high caloric values and fats when compared with other berries Read more KUMQUAT These fruits are cholesterol, fat, and sodium free. They provide a good source of fiber and of the vitamins A and C. Can cook with sugar then use to top pound cake or ice cream. Read more POMEGRANATE In the Christian art, it is found in devotional statues and paintings. It is used as a gargle for sore throat, and to treat hemorrhoids. People use pomegranate for flu, stomatitis, gum, diabetes, bleeding, etc. Read more ALMOND Almonds paste with milk cream, applying regularly makes skin fair with glow. It is rich in Iron, copper, phosphorus and vitamin B1. Almond oil applied over forehead relieves headache Read more KIWI It is a small fruit that protects DNA from mutations Kiwi an exotic fruit contain as much potassium as bananas. Asthma, wheezing, Coughing and colon cancer especially in children can be prevented. Read more PRUNES Prunes contains lot of fibers and sorbitol a stool loosening sugar. Prunes have a laxative effect. Dried prune is better than fresh prune. The salts contained in the dried prune are valuable as food for the blood, brain, and nerves. Read more APRICOT Ripen apricots are very good source for the young children as well as the older people. This fruit is quite laxative, and have high rate of alkalinity. Apricots also contain cobalt that is necessary for the treatment of anemic conditions. Read more LEMON Lemon is not only used for cooking, but also to treat ailments ranging from epilepsy to the cold. Lemon juice prevents certain fruits like apples, avocados and pears from discoloring once theyve been peeled. Use pure lemon juice on wasp and bee stings to relieve pain Read more PUMKIN Pumpkin can be used in pudding or it can be liquefied. Pumpkin seeds mixed together with soy milk make a great remedy for parasitic worms in the digestive tract. relieves from Oxidative stress which leads to heart diseases, Alzheimer’s diseases, as well as cancers. Read more BIGNAY The leaves of the bignay fruit are very much useful in the treatment of snakebite. Leaves and fruits used for anemia and hypertension. Young leaves are boiled for the treatment of syphilitic affections. It is common venereal disease caused by treponema pallidum spirochete Read more LIME Lime is a hybrid fruit that cures scurvy, caused due to deficiency of vitamin-C These are also characterized by infections such as cough and cold, ulcers in mouth , swollen and bleeding gums. The ample of acids present in lime helps to clear the excretory system by washing and cleaning off the tracts Read more PUMMELO The skinned segments can be broken apart and used in salads and desserts or made into preserves. Pomelo is an excellent source of Vitamin C and potassium. This stimulates the appetite by increasing gastric secretions in the stomach and helps to tone the stomach. Read more BILBERRY It has been used for diarrhea, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and to improve night vision. This also helps to prevent the damage to cells. Antioxidants helps to prevent illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and an eye disorder. Read more LOMENT A loment is a type of legume that breaks at constrictions occurring between the segments of the seeds. Being a legume, it is dry at maturity and is dehiscent, meaning that it will split open at maturity. This also contains huge number of medicinal values. Read more RAISINS The raisins helps in relief from constipation, acidosis, anemia, fever, and sexual weakness. Raisins also help to gain weight, and provides eye care, dental care, and bone health. Raisins may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking and brewing. Read more BLACKBERRY Blackberries are rich in iron, but it can cause constipation. This fruit have been used for years to control diarrhea. If one can take blackberry juice with no constipating results, it is one of the best builders of the blood. Read more LONGAN Loganberries are high in Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin K, Folate, Copper and Dietary Fiber The fruit is low in saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium. It is used as an ingredient in jams, pies, crumbles, syrups and wines. Read more RAMBUTAN Rambutan fruit contains carbohydrate, protein, fat, phosphorus, iron, calcium and vitamin C. The Skin tanin of this fruits contain saponin. The fruit are usually sold fresh, used in making jams and jellies, or canned. Read more BLUEBERRY Blueberries have high silicon, which helps to rejuvenate the pancreas. The fruit is said to be good for diabetic conditions. The juice was used as a cough medicine, and the leaves and roots were ground into powder to treat a number of ailments. Read more LOQUAT Delicious, loquats are very low in calories; provide just 47 cal per 100 g, but rich in insoluble dietary fiber, pectin. Pectin retains moisture in the colon and thus functions as bulk laxative. Loquats can also be used to make light wine, sometimes using just the crystal sugar and white liquor. Read more RASPBERRY Raspberries are considered as the very good cleanser for mucus, for catarrhal conditions, and for toxins present in the body. They are a good source of vitamins A and C. Raspberry were called â€Å"ida,† probably after the mountain they were found growing on. Read more BOYSENBERRIES Boysenberry anthocyanins appear to have anti-inflammatory and cancer inhibitory properties Boysenberries should be used within a couple days of purchase It may be eaten fresh or used as part of jams, preserves, pies, and syrups, or made into wine. Read more LYCHEE Lychee fruits are low in calories, contains no saturated fats or cholesterol, but rich in dietary fiber. Canned lychees can be used to make a fruit cocktail. Peeled, seeded lychees are canned in sugar sirup in India and China and have been exported. Read more ROSEHIPS One of the best ways to use rose hips is to brew them into tea either used as fresh or dried. They are also edible and a good source of vitamin C. Helps in preventing and treating colds,Infections,Fever,and boost the immune system. Read more BUTTERNUT SQUASH It is used in soup and can be cooked on a grill wrapped in foil with spices such as nutmeg and cinnamon. The butternut squash is one of the most versatile winter squash, as it lends itself many preparations. The deep orange color comes Due to its vitamin A/beta carotene . Read more MACADAMIA Macadamia was used as an ornamental and for reforestation. The tip, side,wedge or cleft grafting is used under greenhouse conditions upto 1ft high. It is high in palmitoleic acid, found in the sebum of our skins, and therefore has a great affinity to our skin. Read more SAGUARO The saguaro blossom is the state flower of Arizona. The saguaro is used as an emblem in commercials and logos to convey a sense of the southwest. The ribs of the saguaro were used for construction and other purposes by Native Americans. Read more CASHEWNUTS Cashew nuts provide protein and fiber to body. The main use of cashewnut is as a snack. But many innovative food companies are discovering cashews as an ingredient. Cashew Flour and Pasteare used in many asian sweets, gravies and fancy Marzipans. Read more MANDARIN Mandarin can be attributed as anti septic, cytophylactic, depurative, digestive, hepatic,relaxant, sedative and tonic. Vitamin C present in mandarin oranges protects the sperm from genetic damage Mandarins have been used in ayurveda and to reduce phlegm. Read more SAPODILLA Sapodilla is rich in dietary fiber that makes it good laxative. The fiber content helps to relieve constipation protects the mucous membrane of the colon from cancer . Paste made from the sapodilla seeds can be applied to stings and bites, and the juice from the seeds has antihistamine qualities. Read more CANTALOUPE Cantaloupe contains an excellent source of vitamin A and beta-carotene. cantaloupe cures fevers, moisten the lungs, and urine problem. It helps in prevention of heart disease,as they contain an anticoagulant called adenosine. Read more MANGOES A Mango Milkshake helps the people to gain weight. Mangoes are thought to help stop bleeding, to strengthen the heart, and to benefit the brain. The powder of dried kernel of Mango seeds with fresh water cures the habit of eating soil in kinds. Read more SATSUMA Satsuma fruit is compatible with each other that create the greatest synergistic health. Their peel can be used to spice a meal or to flavor a beverage. The dried peel of the fruit is used in the regulation of chi, and also used to treat abdominal distension. Read more CLEMENTINE Clementines are a good source of vitamin C, potassium, thiamin, and niacin. Clementine fruit also contain fiber that act as a very good natural energy booster. Clementines have almost no fat, and an average clementine has only about 35 calories. Read more MANGOSTEEN It contain an essential nutrients, which are required for growth and development of nutritional well-being. The fruit contains 7 to 14% catechin tannin and rosin,used for tanning leather in China. Mangosteen twigs are used as chewsticks in Ghana.It also yields a black dye. Read more STRAWBERRY Strawberries are accessory fruit often used to flavor other foods, such as ice cream. They have many other nutrients and can be efficiently used to prevent many diseases. Strawberry fruit are eaten raw or used in making juice, desserts, jam, syrup and wine. Read more CRANBERRY Cranberries contain high acid content, and so it should not be eaten too frequently. Cranberries increases the acidity of the urine in the human body. Because of their extremely tart taste, people drown them in sugar syrup, that makes them unhealthy Read more MINNEOLA Fat-free, saturated fat-free, cholesterol-free and sodium-free. Minneolas are rich in vitamin C and contain vitamin B1, potassium, folate, calcium and dietary fiber. Minneola Tangelos are called Honeybells because of their slightly elongated end, that forms a bell shape Read more SQUASH Winter squash contains more amount of vitamin A when compared to the summer squash . Both are low in carbohydrates and can be used in all diets. Squash is a high potassium and sodium food that leaves an alkaline ash in the body. Read more CROWBERRY In subarctic areas, crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami. It gives a steady crop and the gathering is relatively easy. The high concentration of anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural food dye. Read more MULBERRY In times past, mulberries were believed to have great curative powers and were used as a general cure-all. Now, they are used mainly in eliminating and weight-loss diets. They are also good for building the blood, and for coating the stomach in any gastric. Read more SURINAM CHERRY Children enjoy the ripe fruits out-of-hand. The leaf infusion of the surinam cherry is taken as a stomachic, febrifuge and astringent. The leaf decoction is drunk as a cold remedy and, in combination with lemongrass, as a febrifuge Read more CURRANT When dried,currants are valuable in combating anemia,as they contain iron, copper,and manganese. They have an alkaline reaction and work as a laxative in the body. Black currant oil and juice extracts are used as antioxidant, to treat rheumatoid arthritis and night and fatigue-related visual impairment. Read more NANCE The fruits are used to prepare carbonated beverages, or an acid, oily, fermented beverage called chicha applied to assorted beer-like drinks . Nance is a tropical fruit cultivated in coastal areas of Mexico. Nance can be used as fresh fruit and for preparing fruit rolls, jellies, syrup, ice cream, and cakes. Read more SWEET ORANGE Sweet Orange is used in alternative herbal treatments to treat ailments and problems. It is used to rejuvenate the skin with the action of the AHA ,in skin care cosmetics and to stimulate the lymph system. This orange is used as a rootstock in groves of sweet orange. Read more DATES Dates used on cereals make a wonderful sweetener. The date water can be used with milk for children who have sensitive stomachs, as it helps digest the milk. The Ancient Egyptians used the fruits to be made into date wine, and ate them at harvest. Read more NECTARINE Nectarines are considered as a subacid fruit and that can be mixed with any kind of fruit. They leave an alkaline ash, and are best eaten raw.   Nectarines provide twice the vitamin A, slightly more vitamin C, and much more potassium than peaches. Read more TANGERINE Tangerines are an essential source of vitamin C. The thin membrane covers the segments contains a digestion-aiding factor, and should always be eaten. Tangerines fruit mainly reduces the weight and yields good general health for the human beings. Read more DRUPE Drupes are sweet, fleshy that attracts the attention of animals as a food. Freestone refers to a drupe having a stone which can be removed from the flesh easily. A drupe contains a single seed enclosed by a endocarp, which often adheres closely to the seed within. Read more OLIVE The olive oil contains high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative substances. People use the fruit ,seeds,water of fruit and the leaves to make medicine. It is used to prevent heart attack, stroke , cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and migraine headache. Read more TAYBERRY The Tayberry can be eaten as a fresh fruit or used for making jams, pies, wine,etc,. Wine made from the tayberry fruit are moreover said to be refreshing agent. Tayberry fruit and the leaves are a good home medicine for diarrhea and chewing the leaves cures bleeding. Read more ELDERBERRY Elderberry juice is a good cleanser,that can be diluted with other juices. It is good as a tonic for the reproductive and glandular system. Ir retains therapeutic uses as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and immuno-stimulant, as a herbal remedy. Read more ORANGE Oranges are an excellent source of vitamin C. It is low in calories, no saturated fats or cholesterol, and is rich in dietary fiber, pectin. Orange oil and orange peel extract are key ingredients in some fire ant repellents. Read more TOMATO Tomatoes are rich in vitamins and are wonderful blood cleanser. The juice can be used in diets, in other raw vegetable juices such as celery, parsley, beet, and carrot juice. Half-ripe tomatoes are useful during summer season as it prevents sun-stroke or heat-stroke. Read more FIG Due to high sugar content inFigs produces good energy.   Figs are said to be laxative due to mucin and pectin membrane present in this fruit. Dried figs may also give nourishment to the body, especially in the winter. Read more PAPAYA Papaya contain enzymes that soften and heal the skin. The enzymes in these fruits scrap free-radical damage and relieves age spots and fine lines. They also purify the skin by dissolving dead cells from the skin’s surface. Read more TAXUS It is used in landscaping and ornamental horticulture. The drug paclitaxel used in breast, ovarian and lung cancer treatment, is derived from Taxus brevifolia. Over 400 cultivars of yews have been derived from Taxus baccata. Read more GOOSEBERRY Gooseberries are considered as good for the liver and intestinal tract. They develop an alkaline ash when digested. These are watery, and have a high potassium and sodium content . Read more PEARS Pears have high content of vitamin C and iron. They are good in all diets and are a wonderful digestive aid. They help normalize bowel activity. These are always good for skin and have plenty of fibers Read more UGLI The pegs and juice are used to make sweet and savory recipes. The juice is delicious warmed as a hot toddy with rum, and used to make ice creams and souffles. Ugli is rich in vitamin C that can be squeeze easily for refreshing drink. Read more GANDARIA Gandaria fruits, especially the sweet varieties, are consumed fresh or eaten cooked in syrup. Immature fruits are chopped and used as an ingredient in condiment sambal. Young leaves are also consumed in salads and eaten with sambal. Read more PERSIMMON When thoroughly ripe,persimmons are a rich source of fruit sugar. Dried persimmons are almost as sweet as candy.   They are rich in potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and are good to use in a soft diet. Read more WALNUTS Walnuts are the only nuts that have omega-3 fatty acids in high amounts. Omega -3 fatty acids are helpful in lowering triglycerides. Triglycerides should not be more than a certain level in the blood from hearts health point of view. Read more HONEYSUCKLE High in Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium, the leaves can be eaten as a vegetable. It is an antibacterial, antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge,that reduces blood pressure. Infusion of flower buds helps in treatment of syphillitic skin diseases, tumors, dysentery, colds cough. Read more PINEAPPLE Pineapple contains the enzymes, are soften that helps in healing of many skin diseases . The enzymes in these fruits scrap free-radical damage and are known to relieve age spots and fine lines . Pineapple also helps to purify the skin by dissolving all the dead cells from the skin’s surface. Read more WATERMELON Most of us love watermelonfor its taste, but many are ignorant of its health benefits. This article deals with the health benefits of watermelon, which is widely cultivated across the globe. watermelon has been used as a medicinal plant in several native cultures. Read more View as multi-pages

Deceptive Cell Phone Television Commercials :: Media

It may seem like cell phone television commercials are straightforward and easy to follow, but many people would agree that after a few monthly bills start flowing in, they may form a different opinion. These â€Å"so-simple† cellular phone plans that the companies advocate are often quite misleading to consumers. This is largely due to the fact that companies present viewers with a vague explanation of their services. This is successful in making a person feel the need to sign-up without any apprehensions. Many individuals do not realize that they have been deceived into a contract that they will eventually regret after it is too late. The most common misleading topic that cell phone commercials try to avoid expressing is the costs of the unknown bill charges and where they come from. Cell phone companies work hard to hide as much of the costs as possible from their consumers. They may say a certain rate in the advertisement, but this is the bare minimum in most cases. What they are not telling their costumers are the roaming charges, long distance contingencies, and, if available, text message rates. Indefinite bill charges are very popular problems that occur for most customers. For example, a Sprint customer experienced first hand how Sprint was increasing their monthly rates. The customer had signed up for a $50-a-month plan but did not know what he was paying for until, â€Å"he heard the news that Sprint PCS had been quietly imposing rate increases, tucking them under ‘fees and surcharges’†(Ballheim,2003). People are often not aware of what the whole plan includes because just pieces of favorable information are told to them. When the customer finally realizes the extra costs, and want to change companies, they are slammed with even more charges. The man who was mentioned previously still had to pay another $150 dollars as a penalty fine in order to cancel his service (Ballheim, 2003). This is an all too familiar case with false advertising a cell phone plan. It seems as though the cell phone companies should be the ones who should pay the penalty fine. But, we, the customers, keep paying these deceiving companies to mislead us and charge more money when they do.

Midterm Exam Business Valuation and Stock Valuation Essay

It is generally more expensive to form a proprietorship than a corporation because, with a proprietorship, extensive legal documents are required. (b) Corporations face fewer regulations than sole proprietorships. (c) One disadvantage of operating a business as a sole proprietorship is that the firm is subject to double taxation, at both the firm level and the owner level. (d) One advantage of forming a corporation is that equity investors are usually exposed to less liability than in a regular partnership. If a regular partnership goes bankrupt, each partner is exposed to liabilities only up to the amount of his or her investment in the business. (2) (TCO G) A security analyst obtained the following information from Prestopino Products’ financial statements: Retained earnings at the end of 2009 were $700,000, but retained earnings at the end of 2010 had declined to $320,000. †¢ The company does not pay dividends. †¢ The company’s depreciation expense is its only non-cash expense; it has no amortization charges. †¢ The company has no non-cash revenues. The company’s net cash flow (NCF) for 2010 was $150,000. On the basis of this information, which of the following statements is CORRECT? (Points : 10) (a) Prestopino had negative net income in 2010. ( b ) Prestopino’s depreciation expense in 2010 was less than $150,000. (c) Prestopino had positive net income in 2010, but its income was less than its 2009 income. (d) Prestopino’s NCF in 2010 must be higher than its NCF in 2009. (e) Prestopino’s cash on the balance sheet at the end of 2010 must be lower than the cash it had on the balance sheet at the end of 2009. Which of the following is most likely to occur? (Points : 10) (a) The required rate of return for an average stock will increase by an amount equal to the increase in the market risk premium. (b) The required rate of return will decline for stocks whose betas are less than 1. 0. (c) The required rate of return on the market, rM, will not change as a result of these changes. (d) The required rate of return for each individual stock in the market will increase by an amount equal to the increase in the market risk premium. (e) The required rate of return on a riskless bond will decline.

Business and management Essay

Introductions (Task1) In this task I will talk about the interpersonal and communicational skills, in the task I will demonstrate a role play to identify my interpersonal and communicational skills. After I demonstrate the role play my colleagues will give feedback where I need to improved it, than i will mention how can i improve my interpersonal and communicational skills. Lastly i will mention how key management functions may be met more effectively through the use of key interpersonal and communicational skills. Findings P4) What interpersonal and communication skills can you bring and why? Interpersonal skills are the skills connected with dealing with the people and working with other efficiency to make the business success. Interpersonal skills are used often into business contexts to refer to the measure of a person’s ability to operate within business organisation. Interpersonal skills including:   Working with other harmoniously Evaluating and excepting responsibilities   Understanding measured to respond conflicts   Working in team effectively Working with other harmoniously means we need to make sure the teams are get on with there responsibly and to check them whether if they are working together with out no arguing, it is better individuals to work together to achieve the success of the business. Evaluating and excepting responsibilities means as a manager we have set a target for the employees and they can be used for the individual or teams, the manager has to chase the employees whether if they getting on the responsibilities that is been given individually or as teams, after that the manager has to evaluate the have achieved the target that is been sat if its acceptable or not. Understandings measured the respond of conflicts first full its generally understood that communicating respect other people or professionals within the work place will enable to reduce the conflicts. And increase participations or assistance in obtaining information or completing tasks. Working in team effectively this is one of the important of the interpersonal skills, as a manger we have to check employees are work together as team cooperatively. The business to achieve a success it require employees working together effectively, effective teams are an intermediary goal toward getting goods, sustainable result, and at the end of the if the business become success the employees a accomplish they goals and will share the credit with the business. Communication skills are also skills connected the dealing with the people in the process by which the information exchange. Communications skills used often into business contexts, there are skills related to communication skills, these are: Formal and informal Tone of voice Body language Visual communication Formal or informal style of communication can also be used in written, some pieces of written such as letter or journal tend to be a formal whereas email and popular magazine article tends to be informal. The important thing with communication is to use the right form for the right purpose. Managers needs to think carefully about how to communication the employees appropriately. Tone of voice: Their impress are based on tone and the quality of voice. Verbal communication extends beyond words, audible sound, transfer meaning, in additional tone or attitude communication some times. Body language: Open body stance and positioning invite communication and interaction, whereas the close body stance a positioning impedes communication, using an open body language posture improves the communication with the employees, both managers and employees to learn to read each other body language. Visual communication: People communicate with the ayes as well as the ears. Communication occur cues of body language and facial expression, aye contact is the communication connector, making ayes contact helps confirm attention and interest between the manager and the employees. M2) Based on my experience of the role play, Explain how you could improve your own interpersonal and communicational skills. My role play I am a manager in new retail which owns a business man called Mr Tosh. And I feel that I have a problem to solve when i saw the feelings of the staff are unmotivated and feel that their job is not secure. In the class i discuss with my staff, i sat a SMART to ensure the business get back on track, we agree, me and my staff. One of the our agreement was if you achieve the target that in October if the sales go up 20% i will pay 10% bonus, and if you continue performing well and achieving the goal that we have agreed you job will be secure. Other points that we agreed was. To give continuation training Give bonus (reward the staff if they met the target) Cut the reward (if they done bad, down the sales performance) My interpersonal and communication skills Through the role play in the class, i got a feed back of my interpersonal and communication skills, after i get the recommendation. They suggested me that i need to improve some areas below. In verbal skills- i am not good at controlling my tone of voice in discussion, because i feel when i speak to my staff my English is not good enough. That makes me can not use the vary tone, pace, and loudness to stand out the points when i speaking. Non verbal skills_ my body language, i haven’t performed an aye contact and i haven’t smile in the conversation with my employees; because I my self I haven’t got enough confidence and that make me deal tense in the conversation. Improvement In the tone of voice; if I have varied of tone pace and loudness that can stand out the main points of my speech; that makes my audiences easier to grasp and got interest to listen my speech, in my problem, my English is not good enough to make my speech tense, i should be calm and concentrate first, a think what i have to say before i speak, make more preparation before i speak, and try excise with my tone, pace and loudness at home. My SMART objectives are: Spend 30 minute at each time for preparation before the role play and read newspapers with tone, pace and loudness in another 20 minute every two weeks. If it improvement my speaking skills after practice, that may let me speak more clear smooth and with vary tone, this also improve my English. The non verbal skills_ i haven’t look at staff with smile when i was performing my role play, because i was feeling that i am tense. I looked down when i was talking which may see the staff that i am weak, and not smiling the also may see that i am angry, anxious and not honesty. I should be calm, concentrate and make more preparation, so I set my self a SMART target to let me achieve: Spend 10 min more in preparation for the role play, and do more preparation as I said above, if I make more preparation, i can stay be more relax, calm and confidence than before, so that i can make an aye contact with a smile to the others. Start from now I will practice speak to the people with aye contact and smile when I talk, and i believe it will become a habit, then i can do that without thinking every time when I am suppose to speak. D2) Evaluate ways in which key management functions may be met more effectively through the use of key interpersonal and communicational skills. There are some key management functions, such as management resource, employees’ motivation, performance monitoring, reward and leadership. Those skills i have mentioned above can be met through the use of interpersonal and communication skills, that are the skills managers must be known, the reason is because having identified the roles of management its important to look at the employees’ capable of fulfilling the role and meet the challenges. There are examples below: Employees’ motivation: when we set a plan or target for the employees, we need to motivate then to cooperate and achieve it; employees usually work efficiency when they feel that they have been consulted about their target that they need to achieve. If the employees perform well and achieve the target, we need to reward them with appreciation and persuade them to set a new target. For example in the role play, i have sat a target and encouraged and motivated my staff to achieve it, after i have informed them and discuss what needs to be done, they really feel that they have achieved the target. Those are the interpersonal and communication skills the managers needs to persuade the employees to achieve it. Management resources: the management resource i have chosen to give and example in Human Resource. Sometimes managers may curry out decision the staff might not agree with, in that case manager needs to use interpersonal skills to persuade the employees to agree with him, at the end if the staff can not accepted, that might create conflict and they may curry out industrial action. Managers also need to resolve any conflict that comes up. Skills of management of conflict needed at all levels and all type of organisations. Performance monitoring and reward management needs to have good interview skills, for example an appraisal purpose, this has one technique to encourage them in the interview and make them relax and co-operate with the other staff. This is needs a body language such as tone of voice posture eye contact to suit the interview, if the employees feel relax, it easier to persuade them to achieve the target. The aim of appraisal is to set objective to the employees, usually at the start of the interview, they will look at if the staff achieve the objective set before the next interview, if they achieve the target, them you will pursued them to set another target again and again, at the end of the every quarter the manager have pay bonus to the staff to motivate. If they are not achieve the target the manager needs to persuade the staff to improve the performance or even discipline them they have continue achieve bad performances Introduction (Task2) In this task I will be giving two scenarios of how management activity can raise performance. Mr Tosh believes a good management lies in the planning and monitoring of system in place. For me to pass the second part of the show I will be given and open book time constraint covering the following. To explain how the aims and objectives may be achieved through planning and monitoring. Finding All businesses need to plan and monitored regardless of how small or large they are. For example, possibility plans need to be prepared in the eventuality of a setback which has a direct impact upon the way which the business goes about behaviour its business activities, normally by the same token, the importance of strategic planning for an organisation cannot be stressed enough. The strategic plan acts as a purpose for which the business seizes to exist; it highlights aims and objectives which need to be fulfilled by all the members of staff in order for the company to achieve both its short and long term objectives.   

GeographyHomeworkMissLombard 2 Essay

GeographyHomeworkMissLombard 2 Essay GeographyHomeworkMissLombard 2 Essay Andrea Jaendrasingh Practice Questions June 2013: a. Comment on how the three strategies shown could contribute to urban re ­imaging. (10 Marks) Strategy 1 would contribute to re ­imaging an urban area as it aims to attract many different visitor groups. The components of a place influence the perception people have of that place. An example of this is Stratford. Before the 2012 Olympics was hosted there, it was mainly an industrial state and therefore was not a popular place to visit. It was run down and the ponds and rivers were polluted. Once it began to be developed for the Olympics to be hosted there, more interesting architecture, public parks and natural landscapes were created. This gave Stratford a new image. Through the creation of new attractions, wider groups of people would be attracted to a place to visit. This could include bird watchers, naturists, photographers and new business investors. Although this strategy would contribute to re ­imaging a place such as Stratford, it could result in potential conflict for land use. Strategy 2 (Events and services)could contribute to urban re ­imaging due to the fact that if a place is a social hub for festivals and other events as well as shopping and tours, it is re ­imaged to be vibrant and entertaining with lots of activities. This could re ­image a place to then be considered affordable, beautiful and family ­oriented Strategy 3 would help to re ­image an area due to the fact that the image that people see and the reputation that they hear is better. This strategy aims to improve the looks rather than the actual experience. It can be seen to be the most expensive strategy out of all three and it would require the aesthetics of an urban area to be changed which is quite costly. b. Using examples, explain the roles of different players involved in helping to rebrand rural areas. (10 Marks) An example of a previously rural area that has now been rebranded is Cornwall. This has mainly been done through the Eden project as it helped re ­image Cornwall. Key players involved in helping to rebrands rural areas such as Cornwall do so mainly to increase the total revenue made so it can be used for improving different facilities. One key player involved in this rebranding may have been Environmental groups. Whilst wanting to rebrand, they would intend to do sustainably. While this is obviously beneficial for the environment, it is also beneficial in aiding places such as Cornwall or Stratford to re ­image as an environmentally friendly place. Another player involved in aiding to rebrand would be the Local and Regional Government. For example, in Cornwall for the Eden ­project, the local government had control over transport and also had influence on planning decisions. Finally, another player involved in rural rebranding would be business interests. They would be involved in the rebranding of areas such as Stratford for the Olympics due to the fact that they are aware of the benefits that rebranding these places will bring in the future even after these events have occurred. This could include in most cases small business investors or in other cases larger scale investors. Normally, when rebrandi ng a rural areas, there are larger scale business investors wanting to invest in the surrounding environment of the place that is being rebranded. This is due to the fact that they will help the economy of these rural areas more than small businesses would. These players were involved in helping to rebrand rural areas such as Cornwall due to them weighing out the advantages and disadvantages and deciding if it is beneficial for a specific rural place. January 2013: a. Comment on the usefulness of the three fieldwork approaches to investigate rural rebranding. (10 Marks) Questionnaires are a useful fieldwork approach when investigating rural rebranding as they allow certain individuals to collect both quantitative and

Introduction to accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to accounting - Essay Example Sun pharmaceutical is considered as one of the largest and also fastest growing pharmaceutical company of India. It’s most famous and powerful brands are handled by good marketing executives. Sun Pharmaceutical is the largest drug company of India; it earns revenue of around $4.3 billion. Accounting policies that are laid down require a selection of the accounting standard which is needed to be followed by the company and their application and estimation. Accounting policies affects the goodwill and intangible assets, the benefits provided to its employees, its acquisition. A consolidated Financial Statement is to be prepared and reviewed as they help in reflecting the operating, financing and investing activities of the company and also it helps in assistance of Employee Stock Option Plan for the employees working in the company. The expected return on the investment of the company and other planned asset should be estimated. Accounting policies will provide guidance to Sun P harmaceutical in the acquisition of Ranbaxy. Under the purchase method of the Consolidated Financial Statement it helps in the operation of an acquired business from it’s starting to its completion of acquisition. Fair value is very essential to be determined by the company for estimation of price of the product. Fair value is influenced by the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the intangible assets of the company that is the brand value or the goodwill of the company basically depends on the assumption of the expected future cash flow. The brand value of a product is a long term and it goes along with the company , therefore the brand value of a company is affected by number of factors product life cycle, market share, macroeconomic environment, market share, competitive environment of the countries in which the country is willing to sell the brand(Gary and Curtis 2014). Accountants are more

Explain and illustrate this with reference to examples drawn from at Essay

Explain and illustrate this with reference to examples drawn from at least two chapters from Book 1 - Essay Example The chapter also debates how the inequality is contested and what the demands of social justice are. There are many movements that are given as examples to support the topic. Welfare state is the concern of every society and inventing a welfare state is the responsibility of politics, policies and resources. The demands of a welfare state are equality, justice and security. But at most of the times an ideal welfare society or social justice cannot be maintained as they are bound of place and time. So there are compromises and settlements made in regards to let the system of the society work. There are different kinds of populations in a society like rich and poor. Not every society has the same needs and demands thus the concept works and lies within the society. It depends on the society but it may not fit a welfare state as a welfare state demands much more than just justice. When inequality exceeds its limits then the term used is exclusion. It is when the society becomes so unjust that groups do not even get considered as a part. The chapter answers questions that arise about social justice. The notions of social justice are based on two concepts, well-being and harm. Both of them affect the meaning of social justice and they are applied to a welfare state too. They frame the welfare state and crime control. The writer discusses the relationship between the well-being harm and social justice and talks about capabilities and capacities that are engaged to shape individuals, communities and social groups. Care is another factor involved as it fulfills functions of well-being of a society. Thus care and harm are opposition and are discussed in the chapter on contrasts. Care is associated to both welfare state and social justice. The chapter also discusses the harm and crime that is made at the work areas and explains it well with examples. The injustice made at work needs justice, making work places safe, regulating labor problems, labor mobilization,

Life Before the Internet vs. After the Internet Essay

Life Before the Internet vs. After the Internet - Essay Example Internet is a phrase with loosely relates to the inter connection of people who are in different parts of the world and are connected to one another through wireless means. Internet has become a family and its users being the members of the family. Outline: The aim of this paper is to specify the differences between the two epochs of history, the pre internet era and post, and see how they have impacted the life of individuals, society and organizations in general. Thesis Statement: The empowered man of internet era vs. the novice man of pre internet era. Journey from Stone Age to Industrial era: While the earlier era was characterized by formal, conventional and simple methods where simple life styles were in progress, it was changed and developed towards the 18th century when industrial revolution took place and made human being more dependent upon others and made them realize that a joint communication setup is needed which can facilitate them in a more suitable way. The internet is no more than a medium for facilitation of mankind in their daily activities and functions. The journey forward: 1990s was the era when the common citizens for the first time got familiar with the concept of internet. However the term internet was around since 1970s, however at that time the interface was only limited to defense purposes and governmental usage. With time internet’s reach became possible to the common man, while at one time it was limited to only institutions and governmental organizations, by late 1990s, it became part of almost every house, and in early 21st century it became part of every mobile phone and every gadget that is around. The digital media such as the broadband telephone systems and all the mobile phones that are around us are gift of internet and technology. Internet is dependent on these technologies and these technologies are dependent on the internet. These two serve as complementing factor towards each other and facilitate the existence a nd working of one another. It is the broadband technologies enabled by optical fiber and wireless communications that make communication possible and internet a reality. Without these underlying elements of broadband technologies internet services would not be achievable. A visible line can be drawn in terms of the era prior to internet and era that is dominated by the presence of internet. Traditional telephone systems and pre internet era: Prior to internet the conventional telephone systems were in place. These were equipped with wires, heavy infrastructure and telephone sets. Internet has facilitated all This in a new manner and VOIP function is a characteristic of internet era which has removed the need for a conventional telephone system and allows people getting connected on the spot and mostly these calls are free as well and do not charge anything. A mere download of software enables getting connected with the people in far areas. The advent of internet has brought about ma ssive changes in the manner in which activities are being held. Broad areas can be highlighted in terms of the following factors: Type of communication that was in place prior to internet and in era of internet, The time factor The speed factor, i.e. the speed with which the messages can be conveyed, The

Westlake Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Westlake - Case Study Example Price of recreational activities of Westlake Lanes was affordable which contributed a lot in attracting customers from all income groups. Pricing strategy of this company helped to strengthen its business position. Westlake Lane also had fooding facilities. It sold Pizza, soda etc in their bowling zone (Hamermesh and Zalosh, 2012). This acted as strength to the business by satisfying its customers through different products and services. The company incurred a huge cost for maintaining its recreational activities. Low sale of these activities weaken the business position and lower the company’s profit. For a long period of time the company was operating its business activities by taking different types of loan from the market. In many cases Westlake Lane was unable to repay the loans which hampered its revenue. Strategies in which the company operated its business process were not effective enough to improve the business condition. For its inefficient business process the company incurred huge losses which weaken the business position. The operational activities of Westlake Lane were not managed properly which resulted in rise of cost in its business process. General expenses of the company were very high. Productivity of its employees was very low. As a result the company delivered low quality of products and services to its customers. There was no strong long term strategy for the company to improve or stre ngthen its business position. Westlake Lanes is into a developing industry. This attractive industry provides huge growth opportunities to the company. Westlake Lanes is into the business for past 30years. So it acts as a strong barrier to different small companies in this industry. The loyal customer base of this firm helps it to improve business position. Westlake Lanes is a family owned business which provides different opportunities to the company to

Management and Organizational Theories: Pros and Cons

Management and Organizational Theories: Pros and Cons Task 1 Evaluate the contributions, strengths and weaknesses of the following three major schools of thought in management and organizational theories: (E1 – PC 1.1) Answer: Classical management theory: The classical management theory is a school of thought which management theorists delved into how to find the best possible way for employees to perform their duties. Strengths: Current management and organizational structure can provide many of its roots in the classical management theory. One of the main advantages of the classical management theory was a methodology for how management should work remember. Management principles can be seen as a basis for the current management behavior today, such as use as a power of authority and responsibility. Coined in this period In addition, another advantage of the classical management theory is the focus on the division of labor. By dividing labor tasks would be faster and more efficiently, thereby increasing productivity. Division of labor can be seen in many applications today, ranging from fast food restaurants, big production. In addition, the classical management theory also gave rise to an autocratic style of leadership, allowing employees to take. Direction and command of their managers PRESIDENT CEO MANAGER SUPERVISOR EMPLOYEES WEAKNESSES: The main weakness of the classical management theory arose from its tough, rigid structure. One of the main principles of the classical management theory is to increase productivity and efficiency; however, achieving these goals often came at the expense of creativity and human relations. Oftentimes, employers and theorists would focus on scientific, almost mechanical ways of increasing productivity. For example, managers would use assembly line methods and project management theories that focused on efficient division of tasks. Humanistic Theory: The Humanistic Management Center advocates a paradigm shift away from economistic views on market activities in the direction of a humanistic attitude. To move from criticism of the status quo towards abundant discourse on alternatives we have developed a three stepped approach offering guidance and a broadcaster for reflection on managerial decisions as well as decision making routes. We understand humanistic management on the basis of three interrelated dimensions. STRENGTHS: Its a holistic theory, so it looks the entire whole person. For example most other theories reduce people to components, in order to treat disorders; the humanist theory would state that the answer lies from looking at the entire person. Weaknesses: Lack of empirical evidence, the self-help therapy involved can teach narcissistic tendencies. The disadvantage of the humanist approach becomes all too evident at a humanist funeral. There is absolutely no comfort in the words of the so called service, and absolutely no hope to the relatives and friends of the dead person of the resurrection which Jesus proved and of life after death. References: http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080406145409AA9vMr9 Contingency Theory: The contingency school of management can be summarized as an â€Å"it all depends† approach. The appropriate management actions and approaches depend on the situation. Managers with a contingency view use a flexible approach, draw on a variety of theories and experiences, and evaluate many options as they solve problems. STRENGTHS: Leader Identification: Fiedlers model gives organizations a rapid method to identify a particular group of the best. Potential leaders the theory includes a least-loved colleague scale, which helps identifies the management of human relations orientation and task orientation of potential leaders. Leaders with a task orientation are best suited to groups in which they defined tasks with a high level of control and supervision. On the other hand, leaders can a relationship orientation to use to get the job done their interpersonal skills and can deal with complex problems when taking decisions. Flexibility: This theory has been designed as a contingency model and is not intended to describe. All possible situations Because the model is to provide flexible enough to fit all kinds of groups leaders and group relationships. Only the results of example, the margin as a group has a leader with low human relations skills, Fiedlers model still gives management the ability to make an effective group with clearly defined roles and increasing the capacity of the leader to rewards or provide information to punish their subordinates. Prescriptive: This model provides managers create by adapting a number of variables. Instrument for effective groups According to Fiedlers contingency model, there is not just one type of successful leadership style, but each type of leader can thrive in the right group sites. The model provides a number of factors may change management to improve efficiency. Group For example, according to Fiedlers theory but an impersonal task oriented leader can be effective in a group while the group is highly structured and clearly defined roles. Weakness: Leader Position power: Position power is determined at the most basic level of rewards and punishments that the leader has officially at his or her disposal for either reward or punish members of the group based on performance. The more power the leader has, the more favorable the situation. References: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-fiedlers-contingency-model-18368.html Different Organizational Structures: SchoolorganizationalStructure: Company Organizational Structure: The sources of power, influence, and authority within present-day organizations, and explain their impact and effectiveness on organizational structure: Sources are the full utilization of resources in the management. Managers very well how to make use of the person to use and in what area it is perfect. Managers know the second person to lead the charge. Following the organization Compare and contrast the traditional and the current outlook of the following: 1) Delegation.: There are delegates going into the meeting and represent the company in the other meetings that are held throughout the world. The person who talks about the organization and the goals of the organization. 2) Participation:. There is the participation of managers and other employees and the boss. But in some organizations, the boss only participates in decision making. . 3) Decision-making: The boss makes the decision after consultation with all the managers and other employees. Boss gives the right to take part in some cases, the manager decisions. Identify and examine the principles for vertical and horizontal coordination in relation to their past and current relevance to management effectiveness: Determinants of Emergency Management Effectiveness There is a considerable amount of research conducted over the past 30 years that many conditions influence the effectiveness of Lemmas been. Identifies this research will be further described in the following pages, but can be summarized by the model in Figure 3-2. This figure indicates that LEMA effectiveness measured by such organizational outcomes as quality , timeliness and cost of the risk by the community is the most direct consequence of the individual results and the schedule adopted and implemented changes . Results for the individual members of the LEMA and LEMC include job satisfaction, organizational commitment, individual effort and attendance, and organizational citizenship behavior. The planning process includes staffing / equipment, organizational structure, team development environment, situational analysis and strategic choice. In turn, the planning process is determined by the level of community support officers, news media and the public. The planning process is also influenced by risk experience, as measured by direct experience with disasters and vicarious experiences that reveal. Potential impact of future disasters Hazard experience also shows an indirect effect on the planning, through the effects on community support. It is important to recognize that although the model as shown in Figure 3-2 static, that is to say, the arrows starts on the left and finishes on the right side of the figure the actual process is dynamic, because success tends to be a self-amplifying process in which a produce increased levels of indirect experience with disaster demands (through emergency training, drills and exercises) , community support , better staff and organization , and more emergency planning resources . High degree of individual and organizational outcomes Hazard Exposure / Community Vulnerability Numerous studies have shown the level of community adjustment hazard is increased by the experience of disaster impact, especially catastrophic consequences. To the vulnerability of the community to hazards easier to remember and more likely to encourage. Frequent for action, recent and serious consequences In some cases, this leads to the development of a disaster subculture in which residents routine patterns of disaster behavior (Wenger, 1978) to determine. When disasters are rare, long removed in time, or have had minimal disruptive impacts, vulnerability threat likely to elicit little attention households, organizations, or the community as a whole. However, the exposure of the community can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by indirect experience gained by reading or hearing about experiences of other communities with disaster. Salient to environmental hazards These can be obtained through newspaper articles or television accounts or, most powerfully, through first-p erson accounts especially if they come from peers (Liddell, 1994a) . For example, a local fire chief is most likely to be affected by the accounts of their experiences other fire chiefs, a city manager is most likely to be affected by another city manager, and so on . Hazard exposure can also be affected by salient cues such as the daily sight of the cooling towers of a nuclear power plant, the intricate maze of piping at a petrochemical plant, or the placards on railcars and trucks passing through town. Information from hazard and vulnerability analyses can also have an effect on the community, but this pallid statistical information is likely to have less of an effect than the vivid first-person accounts described above (Nesbit Ross, 1980). As will be discussed in the next chapter, Risk Perception and Communication, the psychological impact of hazard/vulnerability analyses can be increased by linking data on hazard exposure to likely personal consequences. Task 2 Compare the relevance and application of the motivation theories to workplace behavior in present-day organizations. Two content schools of thought: 1.)Physiological needs: The most basic level in the hierarchy, the physiological needs, generally corresponds to the unlearned primary needs discussed earlier. The needs of hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex are some examples. According to the theory, once these basic needs are satisfied, they no longer motivate. 2.)Safety needs: This second level of needs is roughly equivalent to the security need. Maslow stressed emotional as well as physical safety. The whole organism may become a safety-seeking mechanism. Two process schools of thought: 1.)Esteem needs: The esteem level represents the higher needs of man. The need for power, Performance and the status can be considered as part of this level. Maslow carefully pointed out that the esteem level includes both self-respect and self-esteem of others. . 2) The need for self-actualization: Maslow important contribution, he portrays this level as the peak of the lower, middle and higher human needs. People who update themselves become complacent and have already realized their potential. Self-Actualization is closely related to the self-concepts. In fact, self-actualization is the motivation of the perception of the reality of the individual self. Evaluate two managerial approaches to motivation below for their distinctive contributions to management in organizations. (E1-PC 2.2) . 1) Pay and performance at work: Managers prepare only the grids and paid to the employee. Managers keep a strict eye on the employees how they work and how they perform. 2) Quality of Work Life Programs:. Managers only environment friendly and have a look at how their employees standard of living. They only tell the job how to improve their work. Skills and communication skills examine the positive or negative implication of management style below in relation to management practice in organizations. (E1-PC 2.3) 1.)Autocratic style: Boss takes the decision without consulting with the other employees and managers whether the decision is right or wrong. 2.)Participative style: Boss takes the decision with consulting with the other employees and managers whether the decision is right or wrong. Examine the job design for Marketing Manager below and answer the following questions. What are the motivational effects in terms of task characteristics and personal and work outcomes of the job design options? As a job manager i will motivate the employees in order to achieve the goal and i will also consult the problems which are faced by the employees and how they can overcome it and what are the solutions. What are the implications of the job design options for management? If a job manager, it is my duty to hire and fire staff, because if after boss Im only looking after the company in the absence of the boss. Moreover, I should be the person in whose area he / she is a perfect fit. Evaluate the social influences on individual work effectiveness and motivation and their implications for group functioning and team work: If the employees are faced with a family problem then it will obviously effect the performance of the employees work, and moreover it is my duty to motivate so that he can produce more results in the future worker and I have the solution for tell which is faced by him in the society. Problem Task 3 1. Describe the distinction between management and leadership roles. Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow, ie: a leader is the spearhead for that new direction. Management controls or directs people / resources in a group according to principles or values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹that have already been established. 2. Explain the impact of management and leadership roles on organizational structure Managers need to fulfill many roles in an organization and how they deal with different situations will depend on their styles of management. A leadership style is a general method of leadership used by a manager. 3. Compare two different leadership styles and identifies and contrasts attributes and skills required for each style evaluate their strengths and weaknesses in terms of their significance for effective leadership in organizations. Comparison of Leadership Style  © IANZ | 9735| Demonstrate knowledge of theory in relation to management in organization Page 1 of 11